Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2011 Aug;25(4):651-65. doi: 10.1016/j.hoc.2011.04.002.
Renal cell cancer (RCC) is increasingly diagnosed at an early stage in many countries, which likely contributes to the recent leveling of RCC mortality in the United States and many European countries. However, over all stages nearly 50% of the patients die within 5 years after diagnosis. Smoking and obesity may account for approximately 40% of all incidental cases in high-risk countries. Besides obesity, rising prevalence of hypertension may play a growing role. Several other occupational and lifestyle factors may also affect the risk of RCC. Genetic variations may be an important factor in the differing incidence among populations.
肾细胞癌（RCC）在许多国家的早期诊断率越来越高，这可能是导致美国和许多欧洲国家最近 RCC 死亡率持平的原因。然而，在所有阶段，近 50%的患者在诊断后 5 年内死亡。在高风险国家，吸烟和肥胖可能导致约 40%的偶发性病例。除了肥胖，高血压的流行率上升可能也起着越来越大的作用。其他一些职业和生活方式因素也可能影响 RCC 的风险。遗传变异可能是人群发病率差异的一个重要因素。
