Chapman Benjamin P, Roberts Brent, Duberstein Paul
Laboratory of Personality and Development and Rochester Health Decision Making Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, 300 Crittenden, Rochester, NY 14607, USA.
J Aging Res. 2011;2011:759170. doi: 10.4061/2011/759170. Epub 2011 Jul 10.
We review evidence for links between personality traits and longevity. We provide an overview of personality for health scientists, using the primary organizing framework used in the study of personality and longevity. We then review data on various aspects of personality linked to longevity. In general, there is good evidence that higher level of conscientiousness and lower levels of hostility and Type D or "distressed" personality are associated with greater longevity. Limited evidence suggests that extraversion, openness, perceived control, and low levels of emotional suppression may be associated with longer lifespan. Findings regarding neuroticism are mixed, supporting the notion that many component(s) of neuroticism detract from life expectancy, but some components at some levels may be healthy or protective. Overall, evidence suggests various personality traits are significant predictors of longevity and points to several promising directions for further study. We conclude by discussing the implications of these links for epidemiologic research and personalized medicine and lay out a translational research agenda for integrating the psychology of individual differences into public health and medicine.
我们回顾了人格特质与长寿之间联系的证据。我们为健康科学家提供了一份人格概述，采用了人格与长寿研究中使用的主要组织框架。然后，我们回顾了与长寿相关的人格各个方面的数据。总体而言，有充分证据表明，较高水平的尽责性、较低水平的敌意以及D型或“苦恼”人格与更长的寿命相关。有限的证据表明，外向性、开放性、感知到的控制以及低水平的情绪抑制可能与更长的寿命有关。关于神经质的研究结果不一，这支持了这样一种观点，即神经质的许多成分会降低预期寿命，但某些水平上的某些成分可能是健康的或具有保护作用。总体而言，证据表明各种人格特质是长寿的重要预测因素，并指出了几个有前景的进一步研究方向。我们通过讨论这些联系对流行病学研究和个性化医疗的影响来得出结论，并制定了一个将个体差异心理学整合到公共卫生和医学中的转化研究议程。
