Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Scottish Primate Research Group, United Kingdom.
Elife. 2018 Oct 9;7:e33781. doi: 10.7554/eLife.33781.
Life history strategies for optimizing individual fitness fall on a spectrum between maximizing reproductive efforts and maintaining physical health over time. Strategies across this spectrum are viable and different suites of personality traits evolved to support these strategies. Using data from 538 captive chimpanzees () we tested whether any of the dimensions of chimpanzee personality - agreeableness, conscientiousness, dominance, extraversion, neuroticism, and openness - were associated with longevity, an attribute of slow life history strategies that is especially important in primates given their relatively long lives. We found that higher agreeableness was related to longevity in males, with weaker evidence suggesting that higher openness is related to longer life in females. Our results link the literature on human and nonhuman primate survival and suggest that, for males, evolution has favored the protective effects of low aggression and high quality social bonds.
生命史策略旨在优化个体适应性，其范围可划分为两类，即最大限度地提高繁殖努力和随着时间的推移保持身体健康。该策略范围内的所有策略都是可行的，不同的人格特质组合也随之进化以支持这些策略。本研究利用来自 538 只圈养黑猩猩的数据，检验了黑猩猩人格的各个维度（宜人性、尽责性、支配性、外向性、神经质和开放性）是否与长寿有关，这是一种缓慢的生命史策略的属性，在灵长类动物中尤为重要，因为它们的寿命相对较长。我们发现，雄性黑猩猩的宜人性与长寿相关，而开放性与雌性黑猩猩的寿命更长相关，这一证据较弱。我们的研究结果将人类和非人类灵长类动物的生存文献联系起来，并表明，对于雄性来说，进化有利于低攻击性和高质量社会联系的保护作用。
