School of Management, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
J Exp Psychol Gen. 2012 Feb;141(1):124-33. doi: 10.1037/a0024006. Epub 2011 Jul 18.
We propose that anchoring is often best interpreted as a scaling effect--that the anchor changes how the response scale is used, not how the focal stimulus is perceived. Of importance, we maintain that this holds true even for so-called objective scales (e.g., pounds, calories, meters, etc.). In support of this theory of scale distortion, we show that prior exposure to a numeric standard changes respondents' use of that specific response scale but does not generalize to conceptually affiliated judgments rendered on similar scales. Our findings highlight the necessity of distinguishing response language effects from representational effects in places where the need for that distinction has often been assumed away.
我们提出，锚定通常最好被解释为一种缩放效应——即锚定改变了响应范围的使用方式，而不是改变了对焦点刺激的感知方式。重要的是，我们认为即使是所谓的客观尺度（例如磅、卡路里、米等）也是如此。为了支持这种尺度扭曲理论，我们表明，先验接触数字标准会改变被试对特定响应范围的使用，但不会推广到在类似尺度上做出的概念上相关的判断。我们的研究结果强调了在需要区分反应语言效应和表示效应的地方，区分这两种效应的必要性，而这种区分在很多情况下往往被忽略了。
