Leiden Institute for Brain & Cognition, Netherlands.
Biol Psychol. 2011 Sep;88(1):116-23. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.07.001. Epub 2011 Jul 19.
Behavioral and psychophysiological studies on the Simon effect have demonstrated that stimuli automatically activate spatially corresponding responses, even if their location is irrelevant to the task. Interestingly, this Simon effect is attenuated after stimulus-response incompatible trials (Gratton effect or compatibility-sequence effect), a pattern that has often been attributed to online conflict adaptation, even though an account in terms of episodic binding and retrieval is just as plausible. Here we show that the compatibility-sequence effect can be eliminated and partly reversed by rotating the boxes in which stimuli are presented in between two given trials, a manipulation that is likely to affect episodic representation but not online control. Sequential modulations of electrophysiological indicators of automatic response priming were also eliminated (N2) or even reversed in sign (LRP), suggesting that these effects are due to episodic retrieval of stimulus-response bindings but not, or to only a negligible degree, to online adaptation.
行为和心理生理学研究表明，即使刺激的位置与任务无关，它们也会自动激活空间上对应的反应。有趣的是，在刺激-反应不兼容的试验后（Gratton 效应或兼容性序列效应），这种 Simon 效应会减弱，这种模式通常归因于在线冲突适应，尽管基于情节绑定和检索的解释同样合理。在这里，我们表明，通过在两个给定试验之间旋转呈现刺激的框，可以消除和部分反转兼容性序列效应，这种操作很可能会影响情节表示，但不会影响在线控制。自动反应启动的电生理指标的顺序调制也被消除（N2），甚至在符号上反转（LRP），这表明这些效应是由于情节检索刺激-反应绑定引起的，而不是在线适应引起的，或者只有很小的程度。
