Hilbig Benjamin E
School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
Exp Psychol. 2012;59(1):38-46. doi: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000124.
Recently, the general phenomenon of a positive-negative-asymmetry was extended to judgments of truth. That is, negatively framed statements were shown to receive substantially higher truth ratings than formally equivalent statements framed positively. However, the cognitive mechanisms underlying this effect are unknown, so far. In the current work, two potential accounts are introduced and tested against each other in three experiments: On the one hand, negative framing may induce increased elaboration and thereby persuasion. Alternatively, negative framing could yield faster retrieval or generation of evidence and thus influence subjective veracity via experiential fluency. Two experiments drawing on response latencies and one manipulating the delay between information acquisition and judgment provide support for the fluency-based account. Overall, results replicate and extend the negatively-biased framing effect in truth judgments and show that processing fluency may account for it.
最近，正负不对称的普遍现象被扩展到了对真实性的判断上。也就是说，与形式上等效的正面表述相比，负面表述的陈述被证明获得的真实评级要高得多。然而，迄今为止，这种效应背后的认知机制尚不清楚。在当前的研究中，引入了两种可能的解释，并在三个实验中相互进行了检验：一方面，负面框架可能会促使更多的思考，从而增强说服力。另一方面，负面框架可能会使证据的检索或生成更快，从而通过体验流畅性影响主观真实性。两项利用反应潜伏期的实验和一项操纵信息获取与判断之间延迟的实验为基于流畅性的解释提供了支持。总体而言，研究结果重复并扩展了在真实性判断中存在的负向偏差框架效应，并表明处理流畅性可能是其原因。
