Life & Medical Sciences Institute, Chemical Biology & Medicinal Chemistry Unit, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Nat Chem Biol. 2011 Jul 18;7(8):519-27. doi: 10.1038/nchembio.609.
Aptamers are useful for allosteric regulation because they are nucleic acid-based structures in which ligand binding induces conformational changes that may alter the function of a connected oligonucleotide at a distant site. Through this approach, a specific input is efficiently converted into an altered output. This property makes these biomolecules ideally suited to function as sensors or switches in biochemical assays or inside living cells. The ability to select oligonucleotide-based recognition elements in vitro in combination with the availability of nucleic acids with enzymatic activity has led to the development of a wide range of engineered allosteric aptasensors and aptazymes. Here, we discuss recent progress in the screening, design and diversity of these conformational switching oligonucleotides. We cover their application in vitro and for regulating gene expression in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
适体可用于变构调控，因为它们是基于核酸的结构，配体结合诱导构象变化，可能改变连接在远处的寡核苷酸的功能。通过这种方法，特定的输入可以被有效地转化为改变的输出。这种特性使这些生物分子非常适合作为生化分析或活细胞内的传感器或开关。体外选择基于寡核苷酸的识别元件的能力，加上具有酶活性的核酸的可用性，导致了广泛的工程变构适体传感器和适体酶的发展。在这里，我们讨论了这些构象转换寡核苷酸的筛选、设计和多样性方面的最新进展。我们涵盖了它们在体外的应用以及在原核生物和真核生物中调节基因表达的应用。
