UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
J Sci Food Agric. 2012 Mar 30;92(5):1025-30. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.4534. Epub 2011 Jul 18.
Over the past three decades, the growth in terrestrial livestock and aquatic animal production in China has been much faster than the annual increase of 1.92% in total grain production. It was estimated that farming animals, including aquatic animals, would require a total of 860 million tons of feed in 2008, comprising almost equal portions of concentrates, pastures, and crop straw. Grain production amounted to 528 million tons in 2008, about half of which were available for use in animal feed after satisfying demand for human consumption. This situation will not change in the near future. Pastures from the natural grasslands supply about 290 million tons of dry matter, and are also unlikely to increase. In contrast, only one third of the 890 million tons of crop straw was used as animal feeds. We conclude that the availability of grain and pasture is the major constraint to further expansion of animal production, as well as crop straw which is not fully utilised. China needs to strategically structure the industries of its herbivores and the other domestic species, and to develop sustainable faming systems based on its available feed sources.
在过去的三十年中，中国陆地畜牧业和水产养殖业的增长速度远远快于粮食总产量每年 1.92%的增长速度。据估计，包括水产养殖动物在内的养殖动物 2008 年需要的饲料总量将达到 8.6 亿吨，其中精饲料、牧草和农作物秸秆各占约一半。2008 年粮食产量为 5.28 亿吨，其中约有一半可用于动物饲料，以满足人类消费需求。在不久的将来，这种情况不会改变。天然草原的牧草可提供约 2.9 亿吨干物质，而且也不太可能增加。相比之下，8.9 亿吨农作物秸秆中只有三分之一被用作动物饲料。因此，我们得出的结论是，粮食和牧草的供应是进一步扩大动物生产的主要制约因素，而农作物秸秆也没有得到充分利用。中国需要从战略上调整其草食动物和其他家畜产业结构，并基于现有饲料资源发展可持续的农业系统。
