Xu Liuxing, Tang Guojian, Tian Jing, Wang Xiaoya, Zhang Jianguo
South China Agricultural University, South Pratacultural Research CenterSouth Pratacultural Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
PeerJ. 2021 Jan 28;9:e10573. doi: 10.7717/peerj.10573. eCollection 2021.
In South China, it is common practice for the late rice () that is planted during the summer in the paddy fields after harvest to be used for fallowing or to plant winter forage crops. The land is ploughed before early rice planting. Both forage wheat () and Italian ryegrass () have relatively high nutritional value, and planting them in winter fallow paddy fields could potentially address food shortages and provide quality forage for livestock. In this study, we examined the effects of no-tillage sowing 5 days before rice harvest (NB5), no-tillage sowing 1 day after rice harvest (NA1), and conventional tillage sowing (CK) 1 day after rice harvest on forage wheat and Italian ryegrass soil properties, dry matter (DM), and crude protein (CP) yields. Soil and plant samples were collected after three months of crop growth. The results showed that the NB5 and NA1 soil bulk density (0-20 cm soil layer) tended to increase when compared to that of the CK field. The NA1 treatment increased the total soil nitrogen and organic matter content. The enzyme activities and total soil porosity in the no-tillage forage wheat and Italian ryegrass fields tended to decrease, while the no-tillage water content and soil capillary porosity tended to increase when compared to that of the CK field. Overall, planting year significantly influenced soil chemical properties (except for total nitrogen) and enzyme activity, but crop type had no significant effect on soil physical-chemical properties (except for capillary moisture capacity) and enzyme activity. Sowing methods had no significant effects on the crop DM and CP yields. The DM yield was affected by the interaction between planting year and sowing methods, or between sowing methods and crop type. No-tillage also increased the number of species and aboveground weed biomass. We concluded that the best sowing method for forage wheat and Italian ryegrass in winter fallow paddy fields was no-tillage sowing following rice harvest.
在中国南方，晚稻（）在早稻收获后的夏季稻田种植，之后休耕或种植冬季饲料作物是常见做法。早稻种植前土地会进行翻耕。饲用小麦（）和意大利黑麦草（）都具有较高的营养价值，在冬季休耕稻田种植它们有可能解决粮食短缺问题，并为牲畜提供优质饲料。在本研究中，我们考察了水稻收获前5天免耕播种（NB5）、水稻收获后1天免耕播种（NA1）以及水稻收获后1天传统耕作播种（CK）对饲用小麦和意大利黑麦草土壤性质、干物质（DM）和粗蛋白（CP）产量的影响。作物生长三个月后采集土壤和植物样本。结果表明，与CK田相比，NB5和NA1处理的土壤容重（0 - 20厘米土层）有增加趋势。NA1处理增加了土壤全氮和有机质含量。免耕饲用小麦和意大利黑麦草田的酶活性和土壤总孔隙度有降低趋势，而免耕含水量和土壤毛管孔隙度与CK田相比有增加趋势。总体而言，种植年份对土壤化学性质（全氮除外）和酶活性有显著影响，但作物类型对土壤理化性质（毛管持水量除外）和酶活性无显著影响。播种方式对作物DM和CP产量无显著影响。DM产量受种植年份与播种方式或播种方式与作物类型之间相互作用的影响。免耕还增加了物种数量和地上杂草生物量。我们得出结论，冬季休耕稻田种植饲用小麦和意大利黑麦草的最佳播种方式是水稻收获后免耕播种。
