Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2011 Jun;4(6):498-504. doi: 10.1016/S1995-7645(11)60134-X.
Malaria is a main vector-borne public health problem in Iran. The last studies on Iranian mosquitoes show 31 Anopheles species including different sibling species and genotypes, eight of them are reported to play role in malaria transmission. The objective of this study is to provide a reference for malaria vectors of Iran and to map their spatial and temporal distribution in different climatic zones. Shape files of administrative boundaries and climates of Iran were provided by National Cartographic Center. Data on distribution and seasonal activity of malaria vectors were obtained from different sources and a databank in district level was created in Excel 2003, inserted to the shape files and analyzed by ArcGIS 9.2 to provide the maps. Anopheles culicifacies Giles s.l., Anopheles dthali Patton, Anopheles fluviatilis James s.l., Anopheles maculipennis Meigen s.l., Anopheles sacharovi Favre, Anopheles stephensi Liston, and Anopheles superpictus Grassi have been introduced as primary and secondary malaria vectors and Anopheles pulcherrimus Theobald as a suspected vector in Iran. Temporal distribution of anopheline mosquitoes is restricted to April-December in northern Iran, however mosquitoes can be found during the year in southern region. Spatial distribution of malaria vectors is different based on species, thus six of them (except for Anopheles maculipennis s.l. and Anopheles sacharovi) are reported from endemic malarious area in southern and southeastern areas of Iran. The climate of this part is usually warm and humid, which makes it favorable for mosquito rearing and malaria transmission. Correlation between climate conditions and vector distribution can help to predict the potential range of activity for each species and preparedness for malaria epidemics.
疟疾是伊朗主要的媒介传播公共卫生问题。最近对伊朗蚊子的研究表明，有 31 种按蚊种，包括不同的姊妹种和基因型，其中 8 种被报道在疟疾传播中发挥作用。本研究的目的是为伊朗的疟疾媒介提供参考，并绘制它们在不同气候带的时空分布。国家制图中心提供了行政边界和伊朗气候的形状文件。疟疾媒介的分布和季节性活动数据来自不同的来源，并在 Excel 2003 中创建了一个区县级数据库，插入到形状文件中，并由 ArcGIS 9.2 进行分析，以提供地图。库蚊复合体、达氏按蚊、淡色库蚊复合体、致倦库蚊复合体、撒氏按蚊、斯蒂芬斯按蚊和带纹按蚊已被引入为主要和次要疟疾媒介，而阿氏按蚊被认为是伊朗的可疑媒介。伊朗北部的按蚊季节性分布仅限于 4 月至 12 月，但在南部地区全年都可以发现蚊子。疟疾媒介的空间分布因物种而异，因此除致倦库蚊复合体和撒氏按蚊外，其余 6 种（库蚊复合体、达氏按蚊、淡色库蚊复合体、致倦库蚊复合体、撒氏按蚊、斯蒂芬斯按蚊和带纹按蚊）在伊朗南部和东南部的地方性疟疾地区有报道。该地区的气候通常温暖湿润，有利于蚊子的繁殖和疟疾的传播。气候条件与媒介分布之间的相关性有助于预测每种物种的潜在活动范围，并为疟疾流行做好准备。
