Department of Biology, Jackson State University, 1400 J R Lynch Street, Jackson, MS 39217, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2011 Jun;8(6):2524-32. doi: 10.3390/ijerph8062524. Epub 2011 Jun 23.
Tuberculosis (TB) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are two catastrophic diseases affecting millions of people worldwide every year; and are considered to be pandemic by the World Health Organization. This study aims to compare the recent trends in TB and HIV in the United States and Sub-Saharan African Countries. Data (incidence, prevalence and death rates of HIV and TB) for the United States, Cameroon, Nigeria, and South Africa were collected from The Joint United Nations Programme for HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), US Census Bureau and World Health Organization (WHO) databases and analyzed using Statistical Analysis Software (SAS v 9.1). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed to compare the variables of interest between the countries and across time. Results showed that percent rates of TB cases, TB deaths, HIV cases and HIV deaths were significantly different (P<0.001) among these countries from 1993 to 2006. South Africa had the highest rates of HIV and TB; while US had the lowest rates of both diseases. Tuberculosis and HIV rates for Cameroon and Nigeria were significantly higher when compared to the United States, but were significantly lower when compared to South Africa (P<0.001). There were significant differences (P<0.001) in the prevalence of TB and HIV between the United States and the Sub-Saharan African countries, as well as differences within the Sub-Saharan African countries from 1993 to 2006. More analysis needs to be carried out in order to determine the prevalence and incidence of HIV and TB among multiple variables like gender, race, sexual orientation and age to get a comprehensive picture of the trends of HIV and TB.
结核病（TB）和人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）是每年影响全球数百万人的两种灾难性疾病；世界卫生组织认为它们是大流行的。本研究旨在比较美国和撒哈拉以南非洲国家的结核病和 HIV 的最新趋势。从联合国艾滋病规划署（UNAIDS）、美国人口普查局和世界卫生组织（WHO）数据库中收集了美国、喀麦隆、尼日利亚和南非的 HIV 和结核病（发病率、患病率和死亡率）数据，并使用统计分析软件（SAS v 9.1）进行分析。方差分析（ANOVA）用于比较各国和各时间段的感兴趣变量。结果表明，1993 年至 2006 年间，这些国家的结核病病例、结核病死亡、HIV 病例和 HIV 死亡的百分率差异显著（P<0.001）。南非的 HIV 和结核病发病率最高；而美国的这两种疾病发病率最低。与美国相比，喀麦隆和尼日利亚的结核病和 HIV 发病率明显更高，但与南非相比，这两种疾病的发病率明显更低（P<0.001）。1993 年至 2006 年间，美国与撒哈拉以南非洲国家之间的结核病和 HIV 流行率存在显著差异，撒哈拉以南非洲国家内部也存在差异。需要进行更多的分析，以确定 HIV 和 TB 在多种变量（如性别、种族、性取向和年龄）中的流行率和发病率，以全面了解 HIV 和 TB 的趋势。
