Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
J Vet Intern Med. 2011 Jul-Aug;25(4):831-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00755.x.
Cycad palms are commonly used in landscaping and ingestion by dogs can cause disease or death.
Determine the morbidity and case fatality of cycad palm toxicosis in dogs from Louisiana, and examine putative prognostic factors.
Thirty-four client-owned dogs with confirmed cycad palm toxicosis between 2003 and 2010.
Retrospective cohort study. Search of all medical records for animals with cycad palm toxicosis.
Seventeen of 34 (50%) dogs died or were euthanized as a direct consequence of cycad intoxication. There were no differences in presenting signs and physical examination findings between survivors and nonsurvivors. Nonsurvivors had higher serum alanine transaminase activity (median 196 U/L; range 16-4,123 versus 113.5; 48-1,530) and total bilirubin concentration (0.5 mg/dL; 0.1-6.2 versus 0.25; 0-1.7) upon presentation, and their initial serum concentrations of albumin (2.9 g/dL; 1.4-4.1 versus 3.3; 2.2-3.9) were lower than those of survivors. Nadir serum albumin concentration was also lower in nonsurvivors (1.9; 1.4-3.7 versus 3.2; 1.8-3.5). A higher proportion of nonsurvivors had prolonged coagulation times, prothrombin time. and partial thromboplastin time. In a multivariate model, administration of charcoal at initial presentation was associated with longer survival (heart rate [HR] 0.019, 95% CI 0.001-0.644), while high serum aspartate aminotransferase activity was a negative prognostic factor (HR 118.2, 95% CI 2.89-4,826).
Cycad intoxication is associated with a higher case fatality than previously published. Several laboratory parameters might help differentiating potential nonsurvivors from survivors. Administration of charcoal as part of the emergency treatment appears to have a protective effect.
苏铁棕榈常用于景观美化，狗摄入后可能会导致疾病或死亡。
确定路易斯安那州苏铁棕榈中毒的犬的发病率和病死率，并检查可能的预后因素。
2003 年至 2010 年间，34 只确诊为苏铁棕榈中毒的犬。
回顾性队列研究。搜索所有有苏铁棕榈中毒的动物的医疗记录。
34 只犬中，有 17 只（50%）直接死于或因苏铁中毒而被安乐死。幸存者和非幸存者之间的临床表现和体格检查结果无差异。非幸存者的血清丙氨酸转氨酶活性（中位数 196 U/L；范围 16-4123 比 113.5；48-1530）和总胆红素浓度（0.5 mg/dL；0.1-6.2 比 0.25；0-1.7）较高，且其初始血清白蛋白浓度（2.9 g/dL；1.4-4.1 比 3.3；2.2-3.9）较低。非幸存者的血清白蛋白最低值也较低（1.9；1.4-3.7 比 3.2；1.8-3.5）。非幸存者中，凝血时间、凝血酶原时间和部分凝血活酶时间延长的比例较高。在多变量模型中，初次就诊时给予活性炭与更长的生存时间相关（心率 [HR] 0.019，95%CI 0.001-0.644），而高血清天门冬氨酸转氨酶活性是一个负面预后因素（HR 118.2，95%CI 2.89-4826）。
与之前发表的结果相比，苏铁中毒的病死率更高。一些实验室参数可能有助于区分潜在的幸存者和非幸存者。作为紧急治疗的一部分给予活性炭似乎具有保护作用。
