Blair Clancy
Department of Applied Psychology, New York University.
Child Dev Perspect. 2010 Dec;4(3):181-188. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-8606.2010.00145.x.
This article considers the effects of psychosocial stress on child development and describes mechanisms through which early stress in the context of poverty affects the functioning of neural networks that underlie executive functions and self-regulation. It examines the effects of early experience on glucocorticoid and catecholamine levels that influence neural activity in areas of the brain associated with executive functions, primarily as studied in animal models. Finally, it considers the strengths and limitations of this research, its relevance to understanding stress reactivity from the perspective of biological sensitivity to context, and the implications for the study of risk and resilience processes and early intervention to prevent developmental delays.
本文探讨了心理社会压力对儿童发育的影响，并描述了贫困背景下的早期压力影响执行功能和自我调节基础神经网络功能的机制。它研究了早期经历对糖皮质激素和儿茶酚胺水平的影响，这些激素会影响与执行功能相关的大脑区域的神经活动，主要是在动物模型中进行的研究。最后，本文考虑了这项研究的优势和局限性，其从生物对环境敏感性的角度理解应激反应性的相关性，以及对风险和复原力过程研究及预防发育迟缓的早期干预的意义。
