Orthopedics, Damage Control Resuscitation, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA.
Am J Surg. 2012 Feb;203(2):242-52. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2011.01.028. Epub 2011 Jul 22.
Although a common first aid topic, emergency tourniquets to stop bleeding are controversial because there is little experience on which to guide use. Absent an adequate historical analysis, we have researched development of emergency tourniquets from antiquity to the present.
We selected sources emphasizing historical development of tourniquets from books and databases such as PubMed.
The history of the emergency tourniquet is long and disjointed, mainly written by hospital surgeons with little accounting, until recently, of the needs of forward medics near the point injury. Many investigators often are unaware of the breadth of the tourniquet's history and voice opinions based on anecdotal observations.
Reporting the historical development of tourniquet use allowed us to recognize disparate problems investigators discuss but do not recognize, such as venous tourniquet use. We relate past observations with recent observations for use by subsequent investigators.
尽管止血带是常见的急救话题，但存在争议，因为几乎没有经验可以指导其使用。在缺乏充分历史分析的情况下，我们研究了从古代到现在紧急止血带的发展。
我们从书籍和数据库（如 PubMed）中选择强调止血带历史发展的来源。
紧急止血带的历史悠久而分散，主要由医院外科医生撰写，很少考虑到伤员附近的前线医务人员的需求。直到最近，许多调查人员往往不知道止血带历史的广泛程度，他们根据轶事观察发表意见。
报告止血带使用的历史发展使我们能够认识到调查人员讨论但没有认识到的不同问题，例如静脉止血带的使用。我们将过去的观察结果与最近的观察结果联系起来，以供后续调查人员使用。
