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一种基于两种运动处理单元竞争的新运动错觉:手风琴光栅。

A new motion illusion based on competition between two kinds of motion processing units: the accordion grating.

机构信息

Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Italy.

出版信息

Neural Netw. 2011 Dec;24(10):1082-92. doi: 10.1016/j.neunet.2011.06.017. Epub 2011 Jul 2.

Abstract

Parametric psychophysical investigations are reported for two related illusory effects that occur when viewing an elementary square-wave grating while making "back and forth" head movements along the projection line. Observers report a non-rigid distortion of the pattern, including: (i) an expansion in a direction perpendicular to the stripes, and (ii) a perceived curvature of the stripes. We investigated these two phenomena independently. The first depends on the classical physiological aperture problem that confronts early cells in the vision system. Interactions between ambiguous and unambiguous motion signals, generated at line interiors and line ends, respectively, can explain why the perceived expansion occurs only in directions perpendicular to the stripes. A simple model is presented and successfully tested by a nulling psychophysical experiment with four subjects. The experiment varies key stimulus attributes that generate ambiguous and unambiguous motion signals. Regarding the illusory curvature, a differential geometry model of the optics of our display, which identifies a non-classical three-dimensional (3D) aperture problem, is proposed (Yazdanbakhsh & Gori, 2011). We tested that model by implementing its closed form prediction of distortion to design displays for a second psychophysical experiment that also uses a nulling technique. Results from four subjects allow the quantification of the degree of perceived curvature as a function of speed, distance and stimulus type (blurred vs. unblurred grating) and are compatible with the predictions of the model.

摘要

报告了两项参数心理物理学研究,它们涉及观看基本正弦光栅时进行“前后”头部运动时出现的两种相关幻觉效应。观察者报告了图案的非刚性失真,包括:(i)垂直于条纹的方向上的扩展,和(ii)条纹的感知曲率。我们独立研究了这两种现象。第一种现象取决于经典的生理孔径问题,该问题出现在视觉系统的早期细胞中。在内部线条和线条末端分别产生的模糊和明确运动信号之间的相互作用,可以解释为什么感知到的扩展仅发生在垂直于条纹的方向上。提出了一个简单的模型,并通过对四个对象进行的消零心理物理实验成功进行了测试。该实验改变了产生模糊和明确运动信号的关键刺激属性。关于虚幻曲率,提出了我们显示器的光学微分几何模型,该模型确定了一个非经典的三维(3D)孔径问题(Yazdanbakhsh 和 Gori,2011)。我们通过实现其失真的闭式预测来测试该模型,以设计用于第二个心理物理实验的显示器,该实验也使用消零技术。来自四个对象的结果允许将感知曲率的程度量化为速度,距离和刺激类型(模糊光栅与非模糊光栅)的函数,并且与模型的预测兼容。

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