Centre for Sleep Research, Playford Building, University of South Australia, City East Campus, Frome Road, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
Sleep Med Rev. 2012 Apr;16(2):167-75. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2011.05.004. Epub 2011 Jul 23.
In this review we introduce the idea of a novel group of strategies for further reducing fatigue-related risk in the workplace. In contrast to the risk-reduction achieved by reducing the likelihood an individual will be working while fatigued (e.g., by restricting hours of work), fatigue-proofing strategies are adaptive and protective risk-reduction behaviours that improve the resilience of a system of work. That is, they increase the likelihood that a fatigue-related error will be detected and not translate into accident or injury, thus reducing vulnerability to fatigue-related error. The first part of the review outlines the theoretical underpinnings of this approach and gives a series of ethnographically derived examples of informal fatigue-proofing strategies used in a variety of industries. A preliminary conceptual and methodological framework for the systematic identification, development and evaluation of fatigue-proofing strategies is then presented for integration into the wider organisational safety system. The review clearly identifies fatigue-proofing as a potentially valuable strategy to significantly lower fatigue-related risk independent of changes to working hours. This is of particular relevance to organisations where fatigue is difficult to manage using reductions in working hours due to operational circumstances, or the paradoxical consequences for overall safety associated with reduced working hours.
在这篇综述中，我们介绍了一组新颖的策略，旨在进一步降低工作场所与疲劳相关的风险。与通过减少个体疲劳时工作的可能性（例如，限制工作时间）来实现的风险降低不同，防疲劳策略是适应性和保护性的风险降低行为，可提高工作系统的弹性。也就是说，它们增加了检测到与疲劳相关的错误并防止其转化为事故或伤害的可能性，从而降低了与疲劳相关的错误的脆弱性。综述的第一部分概述了这种方法的理论基础，并给出了一系列在不同行业中使用的非正式防疲劳策略的民族志衍生示例。然后，提出了一个初步的概念和方法框架，用于系统地识别、开发和评估防疲劳策略，以将其纳入更广泛的组织安全系统。该综述明确指出，防疲劳策略是一种潜在的有价值的策略，可以在不改变工作时间的情况下，显著降低与疲劳相关的风险。这对于由于运营情况难以通过减少工作时间来管理疲劳，或与减少工作时间相关的总体安全的矛盾后果的组织尤其相关。
