Huo Junsheng, Sun Jing, Huang Jian, Li Wenxian, Wang Lijuan, Selenje Lilian, Gleason Gary R, Yu Xiaodong
Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Food Nutr Bull. 2012 Jun;33(2):161-8. doi: 10.1177/156482651203300210.
Fortification of flour is one of the approaches for the control and prevention of vitamin and mineral deficiencies.
To assess the effect of fortification of flour with seven vitamins and minerals on a population of Chinese women.
Farmers who offered their land for reforestation in 25 northwest provinces of China received compensation in the form of wheat flour; the amount of flour given depended on the amount of land that was given up for reforestation. This study observed the effects of providing families with fortified flour in the reforestation areas in Gansu Province. The study was conducted for 3 years. Families in the intervention village who offered land for reforestation received flour fortified with seven vitamins and minerals, and those in the control village received unfortified flour. Seven surveys, spaced at least 6 months apart, were carried out in each village from 2004 to 2007. At baseline and at each annual survey, measurements and blood samples were taken from 300 adult female subjects aged 20 to 60 years to assess dietary intake, height, weight, body fat, hemoglobin, serum retinol, serum iron, free erythrocyte protoporphyrin, serum zinc. Serum folic acid was measured at baseline and 36-month only. At each 6-month survey, data were collected on anthropometric features, hemoglobin, and dietary intake.
Consumption of fortified flour in the intervention village ranged from 158.7 to 232.7 g per person per day. Serum retinol status was significantly improved after 12-month intervention until the end of the trial compared with both the control group and the baseline level of the intervention group. Iron status expressed as FEP and SI levels showed higher than that of the control group and baseline levels only at 36-month. Hemoglobin levels of the intervention group were higher than that of the control group and baseline levels, but anemia prevalence of both the intervention and control groups remained unchanged in the intervention period. Levels of serum zinc showed increases compared with the control group and baseline data at 24-month and 36-month, and levels of serum folic acid of intervention group in 36-month was higher than that of both the control group and baseline level.
The evidence from this study confirms the positive bioeffectiveness of fortified flour in the rural female population in China, but a higher dosage of electrolytic elementary iron in flour fortification was suggested for anemia prevention and control.
面粉强化是控制和预防维生素及矿物质缺乏的方法之一。
评估添加七种维生素和矿物质的强化面粉对中国女性人群的影响。
中国西北25个省份中退耕还林的农户以小麦面粉的形式获得补偿；所提供面粉的数量取决于退耕还林的土地面积。本研究观察了在甘肃省退耕还林地区为家庭提供强化面粉的效果。该研究持续了3年。退耕还林的干预村家庭收到添加七种维生素和矿物质的强化面粉，对照村家庭收到未强化的面粉。2004年至2007年期间，在每个村庄至少间隔6个月进行了七次调查。在基线和每次年度调查时，从300名年龄在20至60岁的成年女性受试者中进行测量并采集血样，以评估饮食摄入量、身高、体重、体脂、血红蛋白、血清视黄醇、血清铁、游离红细胞原卟啉、血清锌。仅在基线和36个月时测量血清叶酸。在每次6个月的调查中，收集人体测量特征、血红蛋白和饮食摄入量的数据。
干预村强化面粉的消费量为每人每天158.7至232.7克。与对照组和干预组的基线水平相比，干预12个月后直至试验结束，血清视黄醇状况显著改善。以FEP和SI水平表示的铁状况仅在36个月时高于对照组和基线水平。干预组的血红蛋白水平高于对照组和基线水平，但在干预期内干预组和对照组的贫血患病率均未改变。血清锌水平在24个月和36个月时与对照组和基线数据相比有所增加，干预组36个月时的血清叶酸水平高于对照组和基线水平。
本研究的证据证实了强化面粉在中国农村女性人群中的积极生物有效性，但建议在面粉强化中使用更高剂量的电解元素铁以预防和控制贫血。
