School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
Environ Sci Technol. 2011 Sep 1;45(17):7481-8. doi: 10.1021/es200724x. Epub 2011 Aug 5.
The Hebei Spirit oil spill episode (December 7, 2007) has affected the western coastal area of South Korea; however, there is limited information on the potential toxicity of the oil spill to the ecosystem or humans. The potential toxicity of sediments collected from the affected area (n = 22) 2 years after the spill was evaluated. Acute lethal toxicity tests using Vibrio fischeri and Moina macrocopa and tests for genotoxicity and alteration of steroidogenesis using chicken DT40 cells and H295R cells, respectively, were conducted. Both crude and weathered oil extracts were evaluated in order to link the observed toxicity in the sediment extracts to the oil spill. Whereas toxicity to bacteria and daphnids was observed in only two elutriate samples, 10 of the 22 sediment extracts showed genotoxic potential in DT40 cells. The mechanisms of genotoxicity involved nucleotide excision repair (XPA(-/)), homologous recombination (RAD54(-/-)), and translesion synthesis pathways (REV3(-/-)). In addition, nine sediment extracts caused significantly greater production of E2 in H295R cells, and significant up-regulation of CYP19, CYP11B2, and 3βHSD2 by sediment extracts was observed. The pattern of toxicities observed in both crude and weathered oil samples was similar to that observed in the sediment extracts. The genotoxicicity and endocrine-disruption potential of the sediment extracts suggest a need for long-term followup for such toxicity in humans and wildlife in this area.
河北精神溢油事件（2007 年 12 月 7 日）影响了韩国西海岸地区；然而，关于溢油对生态系统或人类潜在毒性的信息有限。评估了溢油 2 年后受影响地区（n=22）采集的沉积物的潜在毒性。使用发光弧菌和大型溞进行了急性致死毒性试验，并用鸡 DT40 细胞和 H295R 细胞分别进行了遗传毒性和类固醇生成改变的试验。评估了原油和风化油提取物，以便将沉积物提取物中的观察到的毒性与溢油联系起来。虽然在两个洗脱样品中仅观察到对细菌和溞的毒性，但 22 个沉积物提取物中有 10 个在 DT40 细胞中表现出遗传毒性潜力。遗传毒性的机制涉及核苷酸切除修复（XPA(-/-)）、同源重组（RAD54(-/-)）和跨损伤合成途径（REV3(-/-)）。此外，9 个沉积物提取物导致 H295R 细胞中 E2 的产生显著增加，并且观察到沉积物提取物对 CYP19、CYP11B2 和 3βHSD2 的显著上调。在原油和风化油样品中观察到的毒性模式与在沉积物提取物中观察到的相似。沉积物提取物的遗传毒性和内分泌干扰潜力表明，该地区的人类和野生动物需要对这种毒性进行长期跟踪。
