Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
J Adv Nurs. 2012 Apr;68(4):836-45. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05785.x. Epub 2011 Jul 24.
This paper is a report of a study of association between workplace injuries experienced by nursing assistants in nursing homes in the United States and four factors that may affect injury rates: initial nursing assistant training, training at the current facility, lifting devices, and time to execute daily duties.
High injury rates among nursing personnel have been reported in multiple settings across countries. The existing literature is divided on the effectiveness of training and assistive devices in reducing injury rates among nursing assistants.
We examined associations between whether or not the nursing assistant has experienced an injury and four key factors: quality of initial injury prevention training, injury prevention training at current facility, lift availability and whether or not the nursing assistant has sufficient time to complete resident activities of daily living. We estimated a survey-weighted logit model using 2004 National Nursing Assistant Survey data.
RESULTS/FINDINGS: The odds of an injury in the past year were lower among nursing assistants who reported always having a lift available when needed (41% lower odds), available facility training to reduce workplace injuries (39%), and sufficient time to complete resident activities of daily living (35%). Quality of initial training to prevent work injuries was not significantly associated with injury status.
Regions without widespread access to lifting devices may be able to reduce injury rates by increasing the availability of lifting devices. The potential for reductions in injury rates in the United States is greatest from improving training and ensuring adequate time for resident care, as most facilities currently have lifts available.
本文是对美国养老院护工所经历的工作场所伤害与可能影响伤害率的四个因素之间关系的研究报告：初始护工培训、当前机构培训、提升设备以及执行日常任务的时间。
多个国家的多个环境中均报告了护理人员的高伤害率。现有文献对培训和辅助设备在降低护工伤害率方面的有效性存在分歧。
我们调查了护工是否经历过伤害与四个关键因素之间的关联：初始预防伤害培训的质量、当前机构的伤害预防培训、提升设备的可用性以及护工是否有足够的时间完成居民的日常生活活动。我们使用 2004 年全国护工调查数据，对经调查加权的逻辑模型进行了估计。
结果/发现：在过去一年中，报告始终有需要时可用的提升设备（低 41%的几率）、有机构提供的减少工作场所伤害的培训（低 39%的几率）和有足够时间完成居民日常生活活动的护工（低 35%的几率），其受伤的几率较低。预防工作伤害的初始培训质量与受伤状况无显著关联。
在没有广泛获得提升设备的地区，通过增加提升设备的可用性，可能会降低伤害率。在美国，通过改善培训和确保居民护理的充足时间，有最大的潜力降低伤害率，因为目前大多数机构都有提升设备可用。
