King G L
Department of Physiology, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20814-5145.
Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1990 Feb;68(2):260-8. doi: 10.1139/y90-040.
The emetic responses to various pharmacological agents, cytotoxins, and radiation are compared among animal species. The species included for comparison are the human, nonhuman primate, dog, cat, and ferret. The categories of pharmacologic compounds include both those compounds that act on identified membrane receptors (e.g., cholinergic agonists, catecholamines, and neuroactive peptides) and those that act on unidentified receptors (e.g., cardiac glycosides and Veratrum alkaloids, among others). Emphasis is placed on emetic dose-response relations and threshold ED50 and ED100 values calculated from these relations, as indices of species sensitivity to emetic stimuli. For the more noxious emetics, the cytotoxins and radiation, the latency to the first emetic episode and duration of emesis are also compared across species. The effect that peripheral and central nerve lesions have on species differences in emetic responses to stimuli is also discussed.
比较了动物物种对各种药理剂、细胞毒素和辐射的催吐反应。用于比较的物种包括人类、非人类灵长类动物、狗、猫和雪貂。药理化合物的类别包括作用于已确定膜受体的化合物（如胆碱能激动剂、儿茶酚胺和神经活性肽）以及作用于未确定受体的化合物（如强心苷和藜芦生物碱等）。重点在于催吐剂量-反应关系以及根据这些关系计算出的阈值ED50和ED100值，以此作为物种对催吐刺激敏感性的指标。对于毒性更强的催吐剂、细胞毒素和辐射，还比较了各物种首次催吐发作的潜伏期和呕吐持续时间。还讨论了外周和中枢神经损伤对物种催吐反应差异的影响。
