Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
Trends Neurosci. 2011 Oct;34(10):515-25. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2011.06.006. Epub 2011 Jul 23.
The ability to discriminate among similar experiences is a crucial feature of episodic memory. This ability has long been hypothesized to require the hippocampus, and computational models suggest that it is dependent on pattern separation. However, empirical data for the role of the hippocampus in pattern separation have not been available until recently. This review summarizes data from electrophysiological recordings, lesion studies, immediate-early gene imaging, transgenic mouse models, as well as human functional neuroimaging, that provide convergent evidence for the involvement of particular hippocampal subfields in this key process. We discuss the impact of aging and adult neurogenesis on pattern separation, and also highlight several challenges to linking across species and approaches, and suggest future directions for investigation.
区分相似经历的能力是情景记忆的一个关键特征。这种能力长期以来一直被假设需要海马体，并且计算模型表明它依赖于模式分离。然而，直到最近才获得了海马体在模式分离中的作用的实验数据。这篇综述总结了来自电生理学记录、损伤研究、即时早期基因成像、转基因小鼠模型以及人类功能神经影像学的数据，这些数据提供了一致的证据，表明特定的海马亚区参与了这一关键过程。我们讨论了衰老和成年神经发生对模式分离的影响，还强调了跨物种和方法进行联系的几个挑战，并为未来的研究提出了建议。
