Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2011 Oct;24(5):403-9. doi: 10.1097/QCO.0b013e32834a1aef.
International travel is increasing, including travel to countries with emerging economies. Travel may pose health risks for the individual and contribute to the global spread of infectious diseases. The specialty of travel medicine is aimed at minimizing health risks associated with international travel. The field has emerged in the past 25 years, and the evidence base supporting its clinical practice is growing. This review will describe the evidence base underlying travel medicine, highlight recently updated travel medicine guidelines, and outline future research priorities.
Recommendations for a number of common vaccines for travelers have been updated recently. More sophisticated detection methods are leading to the identification of a wider spectrum of pathogens associated with travelers' diarrhea, and antibiotic resistance is increasingly being identified. New treatment options for malaria are available, and a fifth Plasmodium species causing disease in humans has been identified.
An evidence base for the practice of travel medicine is emerging. Expert opinion and consensus guidelines continue to play an important role in supporting clinical practice.
国际旅行正在增加，包括前往新兴经济体国家的旅行。旅行可能对个人健康构成威胁，并导致传染病在全球范围内传播。旅行医学专业旨在将与国际旅行相关的健康风险降到最低。该领域在过去 25 年中出现，支持其临床实践的证据基础也在不断增加。本文将描述旅行医学的证据基础，重点介绍最近更新的旅行医学指南，并概述未来的研究重点。
最近更新了旅行者的一些常见疫苗的推荐意见。更复杂的检测方法导致与旅行者腹泻相关的病原体谱更广，抗生素耐药性也越来越常见。疟疾的新治疗方法已经出现，第五种引起人类疾病的疟原虫也已被发现。
旅行医学实践的证据基础正在出现。专家意见和共识指南在支持临床实践方面继续发挥重要作用。
