Goldstein T, Colegrove K M, Hanson M, Gulland F M D
Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
Dis Aquat Organ. 2011 May 9;94(3):243-8. doi: 10.3354/dao02321.
Viral hepatitis associated with adenoviral infection has been reported in California sea lions Zalophus californianus admitted to rehabilitation centers along the California coast since the 1970s. Canine adenovirus 1 (CAdV-1) causes viral hepatitis in dogs and infects a number of wildlife species. Attempts to isolate the virus from previous sea lion hepatitis cases were unsuccessful, but as the hepatitis had morphologic features resembling canine infectious hepatitis, and since the virus has a wide host range, it was thought that perhaps the etiologic agent was CAdV-1. Here, we identify a novel adenovirus in 2 stranded California sea lions and associate the infection with viral hepatitis and endothelial cell infection. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the classification of the sea lion adenovirus in the Mastadenovirus genus with the most similarity to tree shrew adenovirus 1 (TSAdV-1, 77%). However, as the sea lion adenovirus appeared to be equally distant from the other Mastadenovirus species based on phylogenetic analysis, results indicate that it represents an independent lineage and species. Although sequences from this novel virus, otarine adenovirus 1 (OtAdV-1), show some similarity to CAdV-1 and 2, it is clearly distinct and likely the cause of the viral hepatitis in the stranded California sea lions.
自20世纪70年代以来，在加利福尼亚海岸沿线康复中心收治的加利福尼亚海狮（Zalophus californianus）中，已报告了与腺病毒感染相关的病毒性肝炎。犬腺病毒1型（CAdV-1）可引起犬类病毒性肝炎，并感染多种野生动物物种。此前曾尝试从海狮肝炎病例中分离病毒，但未成功。不过，由于这种肝炎具有类似犬传染性肝炎的形态学特征，且该病毒具有广泛的宿主范围，因此人们认为病原体可能是CAdV-1。在此，我们在两只搁浅的加利福尼亚海狮中鉴定出一种新型腺病毒，并将该感染与病毒性肝炎和内皮细胞感染相关联。系统发育分析证实，海狮腺病毒属于哺乳动物腺病毒属，与树鼩腺病毒1型（TSAdV-1，相似度77%）最为相似。然而，基于系统发育分析，海狮腺病毒与其他哺乳动物腺病毒物种的距离似乎相等，结果表明它代表一个独立的谱系和物种。尽管这种新型病毒——海狗腺病毒1型（OtAdV-1）的序列与CAdV-1和CAdV-2有一些相似性，但它显然是不同的，很可能是搁浅的加利福尼亚海狮病毒性肝炎的病因。
