Moscow Centre of Family Planning and Reproduction, Moscow, Russia.
Gynecol Endocrinol. 2012 Mar;28(3):186-9. doi: 10.3109/09513590.2011.589927. Epub 2011 Jul 27.
Homocysteine, a sulfur-containing amino acid formed during the metabolism of methionine, exert cytotoxic effects on vascular endothelium. Molecular mechanisms of homocysteine-induced cellular dysfunction include increased inflammatory cytokine expression, altered nitric oxide bioavailability, induction of oxidative stress, activation of apoptosis and defective methylation. Hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic and thromboembolic disorders, as well as hyperinsulinemia and may partially account for increased risk of cardiovascular disease associated with insulin resistance. Women with PCOS are more likely to develop components of the metabolic syndrome such as disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism, obesity, hypertension and dyslipidemia, which in turn are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. A number of studies confirmed the presence of increased serum homocysteine concentration in PCOS patients and the possible determinants of this observation are still debated. PCOS treatment options can influence homocysteine levels.
同型半胱氨酸是蛋氨酸代谢过程中产生的一种含硫氨基酸，对血管内皮具有细胞毒性作用。同型半胱氨酸诱导细胞功能障碍的分子机制包括增加炎症细胞因子的表达、改变一氧化氮的生物利用度、诱导氧化应激、激活细胞凋亡和甲基化缺陷。高同型半胱氨酸血症与动脉粥样硬化和血栓栓塞性疾病风险增加以及高胰岛素血症相关，并且可能部分解释了与胰岛素抵抗相关的心血管疾病风险增加。患有 PCOS 的女性更容易出现代谢综合征的成分，如碳水化合物代谢紊乱、肥胖、高血压和血脂异常，而这些反过来又是心血管疾病的危险因素。许多研究证实了 PCOS 患者血清同型半胱氨酸浓度升高，而这种观察结果的可能决定因素仍存在争议。PCOS 的治疗选择会影响同型半胱氨酸水平。
