Cabiedes Javier, Núñez-Álvarez Carlos A
Laboratorio de Inmunología, Departamento de Inmunología y Reumatología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México DF, México.
Reumatol Clin. 2010 Jul-Aug;6(4):224-30. doi: 10.1016/j.reuma.2009.10.004. Epub 2009 Dec 30.
Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) are immunoglobulin directed against autologous cell nuclear and cytoplasmic components. Besides the autoimmune ANA there are other ANA that can be detected in circulation, like natural and infectious ANA. Because of its high sensibility, detection of the ANA must be done by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) as screening test and all of those positive samples are convenient to confirm its specificity by ELISA, western blot or other techniques. Positive ANA detected by IIF must be evaluated taking in to account the pattern and titer. The following recommended step is the specificity characterization (reactivity against extractable nuclear antigens [ENA], dsDNA, etc.) which is useful for the diagnosis and follow up of patients with autoimmune diseases, and by such reasoning, its detection must be performed in an orderly and reasonable way using guides or strategies focused to the good use and interpretation of the autoantibodies. The objective of this review is to present a compilation of the literature and our experience in the detection and study of the ANA.
抗核抗体（ANA）是针对自身细胞核和细胞质成分的免疫球蛋白。除了自身免疫性ANA外，循环中还可检测到其他ANA，如天然ANA和感染性ANA。由于其高敏感性，ANA检测必须采用间接免疫荧光法（IIF）作为筛查试验，所有阳性样本都便于通过酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）、蛋白质印迹法或其他技术确认其特异性。通过IIF检测到的阳性ANA必须结合模式和滴度进行评估。接下来推荐的步骤是特异性鉴定（针对可提取核抗原[ENA]、双链DNA等的反应性），这对自身免疫性疾病患者的诊断和随访很有用，因此，必须使用旨在合理利用和解释自身抗体的指南或策略，以有序且合理的方式进行检测。本综述的目的是呈现关于ANA检测和研究的文献汇编以及我们的经验。
