Hazell J W, Jastreboff P J
Royal National Institute for the Deaf, London, England.
J Otolaryngol. 1990 Feb;19(1):1-5.
A model is proposed for tinnitus and sensorineural hearing loss involving cochlear pathology. As tinnitus is defined as a cortical perception of sound in the absence of an appropriate external stimulus it must result from a generator in the auditory system which undergoes extensive auditory processing before it is perceived. The concept of spatial nonlinearity in the cochlea is presented as a cause of tinnitus generation controlled by the efferents. Various clinical presentations of tinnitus and the way in which they respond to changes in the environment are discussed with respect to this control mechanism. The concept of auditory retraining as part of the habituation process, and interaction with the prefrontal cortex and limbic system is presented as a central model which emphasizes the importance of the emotional significance and meaning of tinnitus.
提出了一种涉及耳蜗病理的耳鸣和感音神经性听力损失模型。由于耳鸣被定义为在没有适当外部刺激时的一种皮层声音感知，它必定源于听觉系统中的一个发生器，该发生器在被感知之前要经过广泛的听觉处理。耳蜗中的空间非线性概念被提出作为由传出神经控制的耳鸣产生的原因。关于这种控制机制，讨论了耳鸣的各种临床表现以及它们对环境变化的反应方式。作为习惯化过程一部分的听觉再训练概念，以及与前额叶皮层和边缘系统的相互作用，被提出作为一个核心模型，该模型强调了耳鸣的情感意义和含义的重要性。
