Hermann K, Buchholz A, Loh A, Kiolbassa K, Miksch A, Joos S, Götz K
Abteilung Allgemeinmedizin und Versorgungsforschung, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg.
Gesundheitswesen. 2012 Jul;74(7):426-34. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1280845. Epub 2011 Jul 27.
A questionnaire was developed and validated which assesses factors influencing career choices of medical students and their perception of possibilities in general practice.
The first questionnaire version, which was developed based on a systematic literature review, was checked for comprehensibility and redundancy using concurrent think aloud. The revised version was filled out by a pilot sample of medical students and the factor structure was assessed using principal component analysis (PCA). The final version was filled out in an online survey by medical students of all 5 Medical Faculties in the federal state of Baden-Wuerttemberg. The factor structure was validated with a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Reliability was assessed as internal consistency using Cronbach's α.
The questionnaire comprises 2 parts: ratings of (A) the individual importance and of (B) the possibilities in general practice on 5-point scales. The first version comprising 118 items was shortened to 63 items after conducting interviews using concurrent think aloud. A further 3 items giving no information were removed after piloting the questionnaire on 179 students. The 27 items of part A were structured in 7 factors (PCA): image, personal ambition, patient orientation, work-life balance, future perspectives, job-related ambition, and variety in job. This structure had a critical fit in the CFA applied to the final version filled out by 1 299 students. Internal consistency of the factors was satisfactory to very good (Cronbach's α=0.55-0.81).
The questionnaire showed good psychometric properties. Further, not assessed factors influence career choice resulting in unexplained variance in our dataset and the critical fit of the model.
设计并验证了一份问卷，该问卷用于评估影响医学生职业选择的因素以及他们对全科医疗可能性的认知。
基于系统的文献综述开发了问卷的第一版，通过并发大声思考法检查其可理解性和冗余性。修订版由一组医学生试点样本填写，并使用主成分分析（PCA）评估因素结构。最终版由巴登 - 符腾堡州所有5所医学院的医学生通过在线调查填写。使用验证性因素分析（CFA）验证因素结构。使用Cronbach's α评估可靠性作为内部一致性。
问卷包括两部分：（A）个人重要性的评分和（B）全科医疗可能性的5级评分。在使用并发大声思考法进行访谈后，包含118个条目的第一版缩短至63个条目。在对179名学生进行问卷试点后，又删除了3个无信息价值的条目。A部分的27个条目被构建为7个因素（PCA）：形象、个人抱负、以患者为导向、工作与生活平衡、未来前景、与工作相关的抱负以及工作多样性。这种结构在应用于由1299名学生填写的最终版的CFA中具有临界拟合度。各因素的内部一致性令人满意至非常好（Cronbach's α = 0.55 - 0.81）。
该问卷显示出良好的心理测量特性。此外，未评估的因素影响职业选择，导致我们数据集中存在无法解释的方差以及模型的临界拟合度。
