Abendroth Jens, Schnell Ute, Lichte Thomas, Oemler Matthias, Klement Andreas
Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Medizinische Fakultät, Institut für Medizinische Epidemiologie, Biometrie und Informatik, Sektion Allgemeinmedizin, Halle (Saale), Deutschland.
Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Institut für Allgemeinmedizin, Magdeburg, Deutschland.
GMS Z Med Ausbild. 2014 Feb 17;31(1):Doc11. doi: 10.3205/zma000903. eCollection 2014.
The influence of a final-year elective internship in general practice (IGP) on motives affecting graduates' choice of specialty is the object of great public interest, yet still insufficiently evaluated. Longitudinal studies show the influence of numerous motives (e.g., work-life balance), but not following the IGP experience itself. Thus, we performed a cross-sectional questionnaire study of all graduates who completed the IGP in Saxony-Anhalt during 2007-2012 regarding their motives for choosing a speciality.
A standardized questionnaire was sent to 109 former interns in general practice. The questionnaire contained 29 items addressing three topics (personal attitudes, concept of personal and professional life, motives for speciality choice) and used single-choice and multiple-choice answers, as well as Likert scales. Correlation analysis was carried out by means of Kendall's tau.
The questionnaire reached 97 former interns, of which 45 (46%) responded. In the overall ranking of motives for speciality choice, family (71%), leisure time (66%) and job opportunities (48%) rated as more important than income (36%), mentoring (20%), status or scientific work (20%). Only 29% of the respondents stated that their speciality choice was changed by the IGP. If the speciality choice was already established before the IGP, the influence of the IGP on speciality choice was significantly low (r = -.5; p < .01). However, if the IGP had an influence on speciality choice, it was correlated with a new perception of general practice (r = .36; p<.01). This new perception was associated with a positive influence of the medical teacher during the IGP.
The final-year IGP is an opportunity to change the perception of general practice in students who are still undecided. This can lead to different speciality choices in a subgroup. Personal attitudes and concepts of personal life and career were also important factors affecting speciality choice. The aspects of the positive influence exerted by medical teachers on those students who are still undecided during the IGP should be carefully evaluated.
最后一年的全科实习（IGP）对影响毕业生专业选择动机的作用是公众高度关注的对象，但仍未得到充分评估。纵向研究显示了众多动机（如工作与生活的平衡）的影响，但并未追踪IGP经历本身。因此，我们对2007年至2012年期间在萨克森 - 安哈尔特完成IGP的所有毕业生进行了一项横断面问卷调查，了解他们选择专业的动机。
向109名 former interns in general practice 发送了一份标准化问卷。该问卷包含29个项目，涉及三个主题（个人态度、个人和职业生活概念、专业选择动机），采用单项选择、多项选择答案以及李克特量表。通过肯德尔tau进行相关性分析。
问卷送达了97名 former interns，其中45名（46%）回复。在专业选择动机的总体排名中，家庭（71%）、休闲时间（66%）和工作机会（48%）比收入（36%）、指导（20%）、地位或科研工作（20%）更为重要。只有29%的受访者表示他们的专业选择因IGP而改变。如果在IGP之前专业选择就已确定，IGP对专业选择的影响显著较低（r = -0.5；p < 0.01）。然而，如果IGP对专业选择有影响，则与对全科的新认知相关（r = 0.36；p < 0.01）。这种新认知与IGP期间医学教师的积极影响相关。
最后一年的IGP是一个改变尚未做出决定的学生对全科认知的机会。这可能导致一个亚组做出不同的专业选择。个人态度以及个人生活和职业概念也是影响专业选择的重要因素。医学教师在IGP期间对尚未做出决定的学生施加的积极影响方面应仔细评估。
