Shangold M M
Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Hahnemann University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Obstet Gynecol. 1990 Apr;75(4 Suppl):53S-58S; discussion 81S-83S.
An exercise program for menopausal women that includes both aerobic and resistance training may prevent or relieve problems such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, muscle weakness, osteoporosis, and depression. The risk of cardiovascular disease increases in women after menopause; in both men and women, regular aerobic exercise may improve cardiorespiratory endurance and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Aerobic exercise also prevents some age-related increases in body fat and it elevates resting metabolic rate, which correlates directly with lean body mass. Inactivity, not hormonal change, is the most common cause of obesity. Resistance training can improve muscle strength and bone density. Increases in bone mineral content have been found at lumbar vertebral and distal radial sites in women who participate in exercise programs. Weight-bearing exercise in conjunction with estrogen replacement therapy and calcium supplementation helps to prevent osteoporosis. Many women experience mood changes at menopause. Some of these symptoms are caused by chronic sleep deprivation due to night flushes and respond best to estrogen; others are related to levels of brain chemicals and respond favorably to exercise.
一项针对更年期女性的运动计划，包括有氧运动和抗阻训练，可能预防或缓解诸如心血管疾病、肥胖、肌肉无力、骨质疏松症和抑郁症等问题。女性绝经后心血管疾病风险增加；对男性和女性而言，定期进行有氧运动可提高心肺耐力并降低心血管疾病风险。有氧运动还能防止与年龄相关的体脂增加，并提高静息代谢率，而静息代谢率与瘦体重直接相关。缺乏运动而非激素变化是肥胖最常见的原因。抗阻训练可增强肌肉力量和骨密度。参与运动计划的女性在腰椎和桡骨远端部位的骨矿物质含量有所增加。负重运动与雌激素替代疗法及补钙相结合有助于预防骨质疏松症。许多女性在更年期会出现情绪变化。其中一些症状是由夜间潮热导致的慢性睡眠剥夺引起的，对雌激素反应最佳；其他症状与脑化学物质水平有关，对运动反应良好。
