Mellin W
Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University of Münster/Westf., FRG.
Pathol Res Pract. 1990 Feb;186(1):37-62. doi: 10.1016/S0344-0338(11)81010-1.
In tumor pathology the quantitation of cellular substances can be of diagnostic value. Microscope cytophotometry and digital image analysis and, on the other hand, flow cytometry are supplementary methods for measuring, each with a typical spectrum of application. The methods are predominantly used for DNA analysis: Static and image cytophotometry are applicable to cytologic and histologic slides preferably for identifying stem lines in tumors of heterogenous morphology and in merely circumscribed lesions (e.g., precancerous lesions). On the other hand, sampling errors due to preselection, and the often low number of cells actually measured, may preclude the possibility of exact cell cycle analysis. This is, in fact, an important additional option of flow cytometry resulting from the high resolution of DNA histograms, which is explained by the large number of cells that can be measured in a short period. Sampling errors in flow cytometry may result from the preparation of single cell suspensions which in certain tumor entities may suppress a varying amount of particularly fragile cells or nuclei. The prognostic significance of DNA ploidy, stem line heterogeneity and S-phase fraction is clearly described in quite a number of tumor entities. Independent of its prognostic value, the cytometric identification of stem lines might be particularly useful in the follow-up of tumor patients, where it may indicate the effectivity of systemic therapy. The development of therapeutic concepts is aptly supported by flow cytometric cell cycle analysis which helps to assess the in vitro effect of combined cytostatics on the proliferative process. Moreover, multiparameter analysis of biopsy samples may provide greater accuracy in characterising individual tumor stem lines and may furthermore help to develop improved protocols for the therapy of solid tumors.
在肿瘤病理学中，细胞物质的定量分析具有诊断价值。显微镜细胞光度测定法、数字图像分析以及流式细胞术是用于测量的补充方法，每种方法都有其典型的应用范围。这些方法主要用于DNA分析：静态和图像细胞光度测定法适用于细胞学和组织学切片，尤其适用于识别形态异质性肿瘤和仅局限病变（如癌前病变）中的干细胞系。另一方面，由于预选导致的抽样误差以及实际测量的细胞数量往往较少，可能会排除进行精确细胞周期分析的可能性。事实上，这是流式细胞术的一个重要附加优势，其DNA直方图分辨率高，原因是可以在短时间内测量大量细胞。流式细胞术中的抽样误差可能源于单细胞悬液的制备，在某些肿瘤实体中，这可能会抑制不同数量的特别脆弱的细胞或细胞核。在许多肿瘤实体中，DNA倍体、干细胞系异质性和S期分数的预后意义已得到明确描述。无论其预后价值如何，干细胞系的细胞计量学鉴定在肿瘤患者的随访中可能特别有用，它可以指示全身治疗的有效性。流式细胞术细胞周期分析恰当地支持了治疗概念的发展，有助于评估联合细胞抑制剂对增殖过程的体外作用。此外，对活检样本进行多参数分析在表征单个肿瘤干细胞系方面可能提供更高的准确性，并且还可能有助于制定改进的实体瘤治疗方案。
