Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India.
J Biosci. 2011 Aug;36(3):399-423. doi: 10.1007/s12038-011-9078-1.
The 93D puff of Drosophila melanogaster became attractive in 1970 because of its singular inducibility by benzamide and has since then remained a major point of focus in my laboratory. Studies on this locus in my and several other laboratories during the past four decades have revealed that (i) this locus is developmentally active, (ii) it is a member of the heat shock gene family but selectively inducible by amides, (iii) the 93D or heat shock RNA omega (hsr row) gene produces multiple nuclear and cytoplasmic large non-coding RNAs (hsr row-n, hsr row-pre-c and hsr row-c), (iv) a variety of RNA-processing proteins, especially the hnRNPs, associate with its > 10 kb nuclear (hsr row-n) transcript to form the nucleoplasmic omega speckles, (v) its genomic architecture and hnRNP-binding properties with the nuclear transcript are conserved in different species although the primary base sequence has diverged rapidly, (vi) heat shock causes the omega speckles to disappear and all the omega speckle associated proteins and the hsr row-n transcript to accumulate at the 93D locus, (vii) the hsr row-n transcript directly or indirectly affects the localization/ stability/activity of a variety of proteins including hnRNPs, Sxl, Hsp83, CBP, DIAP1, JNK-signalling members, proteasome constituents, lamin C, ISWI, HP1 and poly(ADP)-ribose polymerase and (viii) a balanced level of its transcripts is essential for the orderly relocation of various proteins, including hnRNPs, RNA pol II and HP1, to developmentally active chromosome regions during recovery from heat stress. In view of such multitudes of interactions, it appears that large non-coding RNAs like those produced by the hsr row gene may function as hubs to coordinate multiple cellular networks and thus play important roles in maintenance of cellular homeostasis.
黑腹果蝇的 93D 膨泡在 1970 年因其可被苯甲酰胺诱导而变得引人注目，从那时起，它一直是我实验室的主要研究焦点。在过去的四十年中，我和其他几个实验室对这个基因座的研究表明：（i）这个基因座在发育上是活跃的；（ii）它是热休克基因家族的成员，但可被酰胺选择性诱导；（iii）93D 或热休克 RNA ω（hsr row）基因产生多种核和细胞质大非编码 RNA（hsr row-n、hsr row-pre-c 和 hsr row-c）；（iv）多种 RNA 加工蛋白，特别是 hnRNPs，与它的>10kb 核（hsr row-n）转录本结合，形成核质 ω 斑；（v）其基因组结构和 hnRNP 结合特性与核转录本在不同物种中是保守的，尽管其主要碱基序列迅速分化；（vi）热休克导致 ω 斑消失，所有与 ω 斑相关的蛋白和 hsr row-n 转录本都积累在 93D 基因座上；（vii）hsr row-n 转录本直接或间接影响多种蛋白的定位/稳定性/活性，包括 hnRNPs、Sxl、Hsp83、CBP、DIAP1、JNK 信号成员、蛋白酶体成分、核纤层 C、ISWI、HP1 和多聚（ADP-核糖）聚合酶；（viii）其转录本的平衡水平对于各种蛋白，包括 hnRNPs、RNA pol II 和 HP1，在从热应激中恢复时有序地重新定位到发育活跃的染色体区域是必不可少的。鉴于如此众多的相互作用，似乎像 hsr row 基因产生的那些大非编码 RNA 可能作为枢纽，协调多个细胞网络，从而在维持细胞内稳态中发挥重要作用。
