Sengupta Sonali
Division of Biomolecules and Genetics, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632 014, India.
J Genet. 2017 Mar;96(1):203-210. doi: 10.1007/s12041-017-0747-1.
The importance of noncoding genome has become more evident in recent years. Before genome sequencing, the most well studied portion of our genome was protein coding genes. Interestingly, this coding portion accounted only for 1.5% of the genome, the rest being the noncoding sequences. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are involved in normal cell physiology, stress, and disease states. A class of small ncRNAs and miRNAs has gained much importance because of its involvement in human diseases such as cancer. Involvement of long ncRNAs have also been acknowledged in other human diseases, especially in neurodegenerative diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the presence of abnormally folded proteins that are toxic to the cell. Several studies from model organisms suggest upregulation of pathways that clear this toxic protein may provide protection against neurodegeneration. In this review, I summarize the importance of ncRNAs in protein quality control system of cell that is implicated in this fatal group of neurodegenerative diseases.
近年来，非编码基因组的重要性愈发明显。在基因组测序之前，我们基因组中研究最深入的部分是蛋白质编码基因。有趣的是，这一编码部分仅占基因组的1.5%，其余部分为非编码序列。非编码RNA（ncRNA）参与正常细胞生理、应激和疾病状态。一类小ncRNA和miRNA因其参与癌症等人类疾病而变得非常重要。长ncRNA在其他人类疾病，尤其是神经退行性疾病中的作用也已得到认可。神经退行性疾病的特征是存在对细胞有毒的异常折叠蛋白。来自模式生物的多项研究表明，清除这种有毒蛋白的途径上调可能提供针对神经退行性变的保护。在这篇综述中，我总结了ncRNA在与这一致命神经退行性疾病组相关的细胞蛋白质质量控制系统中的重要性。
