Department of Anthropology and Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-3100, USA.
Hum Nat. 2011 Jul;22(1-2):16-40. doi: 10.1007/s12110-011-9111-y.
Men's hunting has dominated the discourse on energy capture and flow in the past decade or so. We turn to women's roles as critical to household formation, pair-bonding, and intergenerational bonds. Their pivotal contributions in food processing and distribution likely promoted kinship, both genetic and affinal, and appear to be the foundation from which households evolved. With conscious recognition of household social units, variable cultural constructions of human kinship systems that were sensitive to environmental and technological conditions could emerge. Kinship dramatically altered the organization of resource access for our species, creating what we term "kinship ecologies." We present simple mathematical models to show how hunting leads to dependence on women's contributions, bonds men to women, and bonds generations together. Kinship, as it organized transfers of food and labor energy centered on women, also became integrated with the biological evolution of human reproduction and life history.
在过去的十年左右，男性狩猎在关于能量获取和流动的讨论中占据主导地位。我们转向女性在家庭形成、伴侣关系和代际关系中的关键作用。她们在食物加工和分配方面的关键贡献可能促进了血缘和姻亲关系，并似乎是家庭演变的基础。随着对家庭社会单位的有意识认识，对环境和技术条件敏感的人类亲属关系系统的可变文化结构可能会出现。亲属关系极大地改变了我们物种获取资源的组织方式，创造了我们称之为“亲属关系生态”的概念。我们提出了简单的数学模型，展示了狩猎如何导致对女性贡献的依赖，将男性与女性联系在一起，并将几代人联系在一起。亲属关系通过将以女性为中心的食物和劳动能量转移组织起来，也与人类生殖和生活史的生物学进化相结合。
