Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA.
ACS Nano. 2011 Sep 27;5(9):7601-7. doi: 10.1021/nn202625c. Epub 2011 Aug 4.
In its monolayer form, graphene is a one-atom-thick two-dimensional material with excellent electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties. Large-scale production of high-quality graphene is attracting an increasing amount of attention. Chemical vapor and solid deposition methods have been developed to grow graphene from organic gases or solid carbon sources. Most of the carbon sources used were purified chemicals that could be expensive for mass production. In this work, we have developed a less expensive approach using six easily obtained, low or negatively valued raw carbon-containing materials used without prepurification (cookies, chocolate, grass, plastics, roaches, and dog feces) to grow graphene directly on the backside of a Cu foil at 1050 °C under H(2)/Ar flow. The nonvolatile pyrolyzed species were easily removed by etching away the frontside of the Cu. Analysis by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy indicates that the monolayer graphene derived from these carbon sources is of high quality.
在单层形式下，石墨烯是一种只有一个原子厚度的二维材料，具有优异的电学、力学和热学性能。大规模生产高质量的石墨烯引起了越来越多的关注。已经开发出化学气相沉积和固态沉积方法，可从有机气体或固体碳源中生长石墨烯。大多数使用的碳源是经过纯化的化学品，对于大规模生产来说可能很昂贵。在这项工作中，我们开发了一种更便宜的方法，使用六种容易获得的、低价值或负价值的未经预纯化的含碳原料（饼干、巧克力、草、塑料、蟑螂和狗屎），在 H(2)/Ar 流下于 1050°C 直接在 Cu 箔的背面生长石墨烯。通过刻蚀掉 Cu 的前侧，很容易去除不可挥发的热解产物。拉曼光谱、X 射线光电子能谱、紫外-可见光谱和透射电子显微镜分析表明，这些碳源衍生的单层石墨烯质量很高。
