University of Waterloo, Department of Psychology, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Clin Psychol Rev. 2011 Aug;31(6):1057-67. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2011.02.002. Epub 2011 Feb 11.
This review summarizes studies of pathological gambling and personality. Meta-analyses were conducted on 44 studies that reported personality traits of pathological gamblers (N = 2134) and nonpathological gambling control groups (N = 5321). Effect size estimates were calculated for 128 comparisons and organized according to the factors associated with two integrative accounts of personality. Four of the meta-analyses examined traits that have previously been found to load on the Urgency, Premeditation, Perseverance, and Sensation Seeking aspects of impulsivity (Whiteside & Lynam 2001). Substantial effects were found for traits associated with Negative Urgency (Cohen's d =.99) and Low Premeditation (d =.84), but not for Low Perseverance or Sensation Seeking. A second set of meta-analyses examined broad domains of personality that have previously been found to load on Negative Affect, Positive Affect, Disagreeable Disinhibition, and Unconscientious Disinhibition (Markon, Krueger, & Watson, 2005). Substantial effects were found for Unconscientious Disinhibition (d =.79), Negative Affect (d =.50), and Disagreeable Disinhibition (d =.50), but not Positive Affect. It was concluded that these individual personality characteristics may be important in the etiology of pathological gambling. The personality profile implicated in the etiology of pathological gambling is similar to that found in a recent meta-analysis of substance use disorders (Kotov, Gamez, Schmidt, & Watson, 2010). These results suggest that pathological gambling may be part of a broad cluster of externalizing psychopathology, and also call into question the current classification of pathological gambling as an Impulse Control Disorder in the DSM-IV.
这篇综述总结了病理性赌博和人格的研究。对 44 项研究进行了荟萃分析，这些研究报告了病理性赌徒（N=2134）和非病理性赌博对照组（N=5321）的人格特征。对 128 个比较进行了效应量估计，并根据与人格两个综合理论相关的因素进行了组织。四项荟萃分析检验了先前被发现与冲动的紧迫感、预谋性、坚持性和感觉寻求方面有关的特质（Whiteside 和 Lynam，2001）。与负性紧迫感（Cohen's d=.99）和低预谋性（d=.84）相关的特质存在显著效应，但与低坚持性或感觉寻求无关。另一组荟萃分析检验了先前被发现与负性情感、正性情感、不愉快的抑制和解离性抑制有关的广泛人格领域（Markon、Krueger 和 Watson，2005）。与非良心抑制（d=.79）、负性情感（d=.50）和不愉快的抑制（d=.50）相关的特质存在显著效应，但与正性情感无关。结论是，这些个体人格特征可能对病理性赌博的病因学很重要。病理性赌博病因学中涉及的人格特征与最近对物质使用障碍的荟萃分析相似（Kotov、Gamez、Schmidt 和 Watson，2010）。这些结果表明，病理性赌博可能是一种广泛的外化精神病理学的一部分，也对 DSM-IV 中将病理性赌博分类为冲动控制障碍提出了质疑。
