Bonnot Olivier, de Montalembert Marie, Kermarrec Solenn, Botbol Michel, Walter Michel, Coulon Nathalie
Child and Adolescent Department, Reference Center for Rare Disease with Psychiatric Expression, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 47-83 Boulevard de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France.
J Physiol Paris. 2011 Dec;105(4-6):164-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2011.07.006. Epub 2011 Jul 22.
Based on clinical, phenomenological and neurobiological observations, psychiatrists often report a deficit in time estimation in patients with schizophrenia. Cognitive models of time estimation in healthy subjects have been proposed and developed for approximately 30 years. The current theory in the field of time perception, which is supported by a connectionist model, postulates that temporal judgement is based upon a pacemaker-counter device that depends mostly upon memory and attentional resources. The pacemaker emits pulses that are accumulated in a counter, and the number of pulses determines the perceived length of an interval. Patients with schizophrenia are known to display attentional and memory dysfunctions. Moreover, dopamine regulation mechanisms are involved in both the temporal perception processes and schizophrenia. Thus, it is still unclear if temporal impairments in schizophrenia are related to a specific disturbance in central temporal processes or are due to certain cognitive problems, such as attentional and memory dysfunctions, or biological abnormalities. The authors present a critical literature review on time perception in schizophrenia that covers topics from psychopathology to neuroscience. Temporal perception appears to play a key role in schizophrenia and to be partially neglected in the current literature. Future research is required to better ascertain the underlying mechanisms of time perception impairments in schizophrenia.
基于临床、现象学和神经生物学观察，精神科医生经常报告精神分裂症患者存在时间估计缺陷。针对健康受试者时间估计的认知模型已被提出并发展了约30年。当前时间感知领域的理论，在一个联结主义模型的支持下，假定时间判断基于一个起搏器-计数器装置，该装置主要依赖于记忆和注意力资源。起搏器发出脉冲，这些脉冲在计数器中累加，脉冲数量决定了对一个间隔时长的感知。已知精神分裂症患者存在注意力和记忆功能障碍。此外，多巴胺调节机制既参与时间感知过程，也与精神分裂症有关。因此，目前仍不清楚精神分裂症中的时间障碍是与中枢时间过程的特定紊乱有关，还是由于某些认知问题，如注意力和记忆功能障碍，或生物学异常所致。作者对精神分裂症中的时间感知进行了一篇批判性文献综述，涵盖了从精神病理学到神经科学等主题。时间感知似乎在精神分裂症中起关键作用，而在当前文献中部分被忽视。未来需要开展研究，以更好地确定精神分裂症中时间感知障碍的潜在机制。
