Buyu Yunus, Manyama Mange, Chandika Alphonce, Gilyoma Japhet
Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania.
Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2012 Nov;49(6):736-40. doi: 10.1597/10-202. Epub 2011 Aug 1.
To determine factors associated with orofacial clefts and postsurgical complications of cleft lip and palate repair surgeries in northwestern Tanzania.
This was a cohort study involving patients with orofacial clefts. Associated factors (family history of orofacial clefts, maternal use of alcohol and cigarette smoking during pregnancy) were obtained through interviews with accompanying parents. Antenatal cards were used to obtain maternal age at birth and birth weight.
Ninety-four patients with different orofacial clefts were seen. Among them, 46.8% (44/94), 13.8% (13/94), and 39.4% (37/94) had cleft lip, cleft palate, and cleft lip and palate, respectively. About 15% of orofacial cleft cases had a positive family history of orofacial clefts. Among these, 7.4% had an affected relative on the maternal side, 4.3% had an affected relative on the paternal side, and 3.2% had an affected sibling. This difference was statistically significant (chi-square = 27.7, p < .001). Orofacial cleft was significantly associated with order of birth (chi-square = 21.0, p < .001). Postoperative complications observed included palatal fistula and philtrum dehiscence.
Family history of orofacial clefts and order of birth were significantly associated with orofacial clefts in northwestern Tanzania. These factors have been associated with risk of orofacial clefts elsewhere and suggest a hereditary role in the etiology of orofacial cleft. Palatal fistula and philtrum dehiscence were postsurgical complications observed in orofacial clefts patients who had primary surgery past the recommended age. These complications could have resulted from delayed surgery and absence of presurgical procedures.
确定坦桑尼亚西北部唇腭裂修复手术的口面部裂隙及术后并发症的相关因素。
这是一项针对口面部裂隙患者的队列研究。通过与陪同的父母访谈获取相关因素（口面部裂隙家族史、母亲孕期饮酒和吸烟情况）。利用产前卡片获取母亲分娩时的年龄和出生体重。
共诊治了94例不同类型口面部裂隙患者。其中，唇裂、腭裂、唇腭裂患者分别占46.8%（44/94）、13.8%（13/94）和39.4%（37/94）。约15%的口面部裂隙病例有口面部裂隙家族史阳性。其中，7.4%有母系亲属患病，4.3%有父系亲属患病，3.2%有同胞患病。这种差异具有统计学意义（卡方检验=27.7，p<0.001）。口面部裂隙与出生顺序显著相关（卡方检验=21.0，p<0.001）。观察到的术后并发症包括腭瘘和人中裂。
在坦桑尼亚西北部，口面部裂隙家族史和出生顺序与口面部裂隙显著相关。这些因素在其他地方也与口面部裂隙风险相关，提示其在口面部裂隙病因学中具有遗传作用。腭瘘和人中裂是在超过推荐年龄进行初次手术的口面部裂隙患者中观察到的术后并发症。这些并发症可能是由于手术延迟和术前准备缺失导致的。
