University of Botswana, Gaberone, Botswana.
Public Health Nutr. 2011 Dec;14(12):2260-7. doi: 10.1017/S1368980011001339. Epub 2011 Aug 2.
To describe patterns of food consumption associated with overweight/obesity (OW/OB) and their links to socio-economic status (SES) and urbanization.
A nationwide cross-sectional survey.
Secondary schools in cities, towns and villages in Botswana, Africa.
A total of 746 adolescent schoolchildren.
OW/OB is associated with greater SES, city residence and a snack-food diet pattern. Students belonging to higher SES compared with those from a lower SES background reported significantly (P < 0·01) more daily servings of snack foods (1·55 v. 0·76) and fewer servings of traditional diet foods (0·99 v. 1·68) and also reported that they ate meals outside the home more often (90% v. 72%). Students in cities ate significantly (P < 0·01) more servings of snacks (1·69 v. 1·05 v. 0·51) and fewer servings of traditional foods (0·67 v. 1·52 v. 1·61) compared with those in urban and rural villages. The odds of OW/OB were increased 1·16-fold with a snack-food diet, a result that was diminished when controlled for SES.
These data suggest that nutritional transition occurs at different rates across urbanization and SES levels in Botswana. In cities, increasing the availability of fruit while reducing access to or portion sizes of snack items is important. Emphasis on continued intake of traditional foods may also be helpful as rural areas undergo economic and infrastructural development.
描述与超重/肥胖（OW/OB）相关的食物消费模式及其与社会经济地位（SES）和城市化的关系。
全国性的横断面调查。
博茨瓦纳城市、城镇和乡村的中学。
共 746 名青少年学生。
OW/OB 与 SES 较高、城市居住和零食饮食模式有关。与 SES 较低的背景相比，SES 较高的学生报告每天吃零食的份量明显（P < 0·01）更多（1·55 比 0·76），传统饮食食品的份量明显（P < 0·01）更少（0·99 比 1·68），而且也更经常在外面吃饭（90%比 72%）。与城市和农村地区的学生相比，城市学生吃零食的份量明显（P < 0·01）更多（1·69 比 1·05 比 0·51），传统食品的份量明显（P < 0·01）更少（0·67 比 1·52 比 1·61）。与传统饮食相比，零食饮食的 OW/OB 风险增加了 1·16 倍，但在控制 SES 后，这一结果有所减弱。
这些数据表明，营养转型在博茨瓦纳的城市化和 SES 水平上以不同的速度发生。在城市，增加水果的供应，同时减少零食的获取或份量很重要。强调继续摄入传统食品也可能有助于农村地区进行经济和基础设施发展。
