Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Social, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo11600, Uruguay.
Instituto Nacional de Alimentación (INDA), Ministerio de Desarrollo Social, Montevideo, Uruguay.
Public Health Nutr. 2020 Aug;23(S1):s101-s107. doi: 10.1017/S1368980020000804. Epub 2020 Apr 17.
To describe the magnitude and distribution of malnutrition in all forms (stunting, wasting, overweight and obesity) by level of education and socio-economic status (SES).
Representative data from three national surveys were used: the socio-economic characteristics of Uruguayan households the 2012-2013; the Survey of Child Health, Nutrition and Development and the Survey of Chronic Disease Risks. We defined overweight, obesity, wasting/underweight and stunting/short stature according to WHO criteria. We conducted a comparison between malnutrition prevalence values per SES and education level.
In total, 1 183 177 households were surveyed, including 2265 children's and 752 women's households, forming a nationally representative sample in urban areas with more than 5000 habitants.
A total of 3079 children aged <4 years from the National Survey of Child Health, Nutrition and Development 2013 and 752 women aged 20-49 years from the National Survey of Chronic Disease Risks 2013 were included.
Among children aged <4 years, stunting and overweight disproportionately affected low-wealth groups, with 5·45 % of children in the lower income tertile and 3·44 % in the upper tertile presenting stunting (P < 0·05). Overweight and obesity were higher in the third tertile of income. Among the women, 54·8 % (95 % CI 48·0, 61·6) had excess weight (overweight and obesity) and significant differences were found between those with the lowest and highest levels of SES. Regarding excess weight with respect to educational level, significant differences were also found between the low and high levels and between the medium and high levels.
In Uruguay, there are slight differences in the prevalence of all forms of malnutrition according to SES and education levels in the populations considered. Excess weight in children and women poses the greatest public health nutritional challenge at all levels of SES and education. The fact that more educated mothers are more overweight differs from the findings in other countries and should be studied in more detail. Stunting in children is also important, requiring more focused interventions. Notably, excess weight is higher in more educated mothers, a fact that differs from other countries. Further analysis is important to understand this discrepancy.
按教育程度和社会经济地位（SES）描述各种形式（发育迟缓、消瘦、超重和肥胖）的营养不良的程度和分布。
使用了三项全国性调查的代表性数据：2012-2013 年乌拉圭家庭社会经济特征调查、儿童健康、营养和发展调查以及慢性病风险调查。我们根据世卫组织标准定义了超重、肥胖、消瘦/体重不足和发育迟缓/身材矮小。我们比较了 SES 和教育水平的营养不良患病率。
共调查了 1183177 户家庭，其中包括 2265 户儿童家庭和 752 户妇女家庭，在城市地区形成了具有 5000 名以上居民的全国代表性样本。
2013 年儿童健康、营养和发展全国调查中共有 3079 名<4 岁儿童和 2013 年慢性病风险全国调查中 752 名 20-49 岁妇女被纳入。
在<4 岁儿童中，发育迟缓与消瘦不成比例地影响低财富群体，低收入三分位数中有 5.45%的儿童和高收入三分位数中有 3.44%的儿童出现发育迟缓（P<0.05）。收入第三分位数中，超重和肥胖率较高。在妇女中，54.8%（95%CI 48.0，61.6）超重（超重和肥胖），在 SES 水平最低和最高的妇女之间存在显著差异。在考虑教育水平的情况下，超重率也存在显著差异，无论是在低水平和高水平之间，还是在中高水平之间。
在乌拉圭，根据 SES 和所考虑人群的教育水平，各种形式的营养不良的患病率略有不同。SES 和教育水平较高的儿童和妇女超重是最大的公共卫生营养挑战。受过教育的母亲超重率较高与其他国家的研究结果不同，需要进一步详细研究。儿童发育迟缓也很重要，需要更有针对性的干预措施。值得注意的是，受教育程度较高的母亲超重率较高，这与其他国家不同。需要进一步分析以了解这种差异。
