Department of Integrated Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.
Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2011 Oct;14(5):608-13. doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2011.07.001. Epub 2011 Jul 30.
Although the majority of genes are expressed equally from both alleles, some genes are differentially expressed. Monoallelic gene expression, the differential gene expression of the alleles such as genomic imprinting, is reported in several organisms and plays significant roles in proper development and diversity in gene expression and phenotypic variation. Recent studies in flowering plants have greatly increased our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of monoallelic gene expression. They indicate that machineries of gene silencing such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs function in monoallelic gene expression. A combination of genetics and high-throughput technologies expands the scope of study on monoallelic gene expression in flowering plants.
虽然大多数基因都从两个等位基因平等表达，但有些基因则表现出差异表达。单等位基因表达，即等位基因的差异表达，如基因组印记，在几种生物体中都有报道，并在适当的发育和基因表达多样性以及表型变异中发挥重要作用。近年来，开花植物的研究极大地提高了我们对单等位基因表达潜在机制的理解。它们表明，基因沉默机制，如 DNA 甲基化、组蛋白修饰和非编码 RNA，在单等位基因表达中起作用。遗传学和高通量技术的结合扩展了开花植物中单等位基因表达的研究范围。
