Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2011 Aug;33(4):506-26. doi: 10.1123/jsep.33.4.506.
The present investigation examined the Köhler motivation gain effect in a health game using an absent partner, presented virtually. The Köhler effect occurs when an inferior team member performs a difficult task better in a team or coaction situation than one would expect from knowledge of his or her individual performance. The effect has been strongest in conjunctive task conditions in which the group's potential productivity is equal to the productivity of its least capable member. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four conditions (individual control, coaction, additive, and conjunctive) in a 4 (conditions) • 2 (gender) factorial design and performed a series of isometric plank exercises within an exercise game. They performed the first series of five exercises alone holding each position for as long as they could, and, after a rest period, those in the partner conditions were told they would do remaining trials with a same-sex virtual partner whom they could observe during their performance. The partner's performance was manipulated to be always superior to the participant's. Results showed that task persistence was significantly greater in all experimental conditions than in the individual control condition. The conjunctive condition was no more motivating than either the additive or coactive conditions. Results suggest that working out with virtually present, superior partners can improve persistence motivation on exercise game tasks.
本研究在一个使用虚拟缺席伙伴的健康游戏中考察了科勒动机增益效应。当一个表现较差的团队成员在团队或合作情境中的表现比从他或她的个人表现中所预期的要好时，就会出现科勒效应。当团队的潜在生产力等于其最无能成员的生产力时，在联合任务条件下，这种效应最强。参与者在一个 4（条件）×2（性别）的析因设计中被随机分配到四个条件（个体控制、合作、附加和联合）之一，并在一个锻炼游戏中进行了一系列等长平板运动。他们独自完成了前五个练习系列，每个姿势保持尽可能长的时间，然后在休息一段时间后，在有伙伴的条件下的参与者被告知他们将与同性虚拟伙伴一起完成剩余的练习，在练习过程中他们可以观察到虚拟伙伴的表现。伙伴的表现被操纵为总是优于参与者。结果表明，与个体控制条件相比，所有实验条件下的任务坚持时间都显著增加。联合条件并不比附加条件或合作条件更有激励性。结果表明，与虚拟存在的优秀伙伴一起锻炼可以提高锻炼游戏任务的坚持动机。
