Wang Yinghao, Zhang Mengsi, Wu Jianfeng, Zhang Haonan, Yang Hongchun, Guo Songyang, Lin Zishuo, Lu Chunfu
Industrial Design and Research Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China.
School of Design and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China.
Behav Sci (Basel). 2023 May 21;13(5):434. doi: 10.3390/bs13050434.
We designed an exercise system in which the user is accompanied by a virtual partner (VP) and tested bodyweight squat performance with different interactive VP features to explore the comprehensive impact of these VP features on the individual's exercise level (EL) and exercise perception.
This experiment used three interactive features of VP, including body movement (BM), eye gaze (EG), and sports performance (SP), as independent variables, and the exercise level (EL), subjective exercise enjoyment, attitude toward the team formed with the VP, and local muscle fatigue degree of the exerciser as observational indicators. We designed a 2 (with or without VP's BM) × 2 (with or without VP's EG) × 2 (with or without VP's SP) within-participants factorial experiment. A total of 40 college students were invited to complete 320 groups of experiments.
(1) Regarding EL, the main effects of BM and SP were significant ( < 0.001). The pairwise interaction effects of the three independent variables on EL were all significant ( < 0.05). (2) Regarding exercise perception, the main effects of BM ( < 0.001) and EG ( < 0.001) on subjective exercise enjoyment were significant. The main effect of BM on the attitude toward the sports team formed with the VP was significant ( < 0.001). The interaction effect of BM and SP on the attitude toward the sports team formed with the VP was significant ( < 0.001). (3) Regarding the degree of local muscle fatigue, the main effects of BM, EG, and SP and their interaction effects were not significant ( > 0.05).
BM and EG from the VP elevate EL and exercise perception during squat exercises, while the VP with SP inhibited the EL and harmed exercise perception. The conclusions of this study can provide references to guide the interactive design of VP-accompanied exercise systems.
我们设计了一种运动系统，用户在其中会有一个虚拟伙伴（VP）陪伴，并使用不同的交互式VP功能测试体重深蹲表现，以探索这些VP功能对个人运动水平（EL）和运动感知的综合影响。
本实验将VP的三种交互功能，包括身体动作（BM）、目光注视（EG）和运动表现（SP）作为自变量，将运动水平（EL）、主观运动愉悦感、对与VP组成的团队的态度以及锻炼者的局部肌肉疲劳程度作为观察指标。我们设计了一个2（有无VP的BM）×2（有无VP的EG）×2（有无VP的SP）的被试内析因实验。共邀请了40名大学生完成320组实验。
（1）关于EL，BM和SP的主效应显著（<0.001）。三个自变量对EL的两两交互效应均显著（<0.05）。（2）关于运动感知，BM（<0.001）和EG（<0.001）对主观运动愉悦感的主效应显著。BM对与VP组成的运动队的态度的主效应显著（<0.001）。BM和SP对与VP组成的运动队的态度的交互效应显著（<0.001）。（3）关于局部肌肉疲劳程度，BM、EG和SP的主效应及其交互效应均不显著（>0.05）。
VP的BM和EG在深蹲运动中提高了EL和运动感知，而带有SP的VP则抑制了EL并损害了运动感知。本研究结论可为指导VP陪伴运动系统的交互设计提供参考。
