Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
Nat Cell Biol. 2011 Aug 1;13(8):877-83. doi: 10.1038/ncb2303.
Precise control of organ size is crucial during animal development and regeneration. In Drosophila and mammals, studies over the past decade have uncovered a critical role for the Hippo tumour-suppressor pathway in the regulation of organ size. Dysregulation of this pathway leads to massive overgrowth of tissue. The Hippo signalling pathway is highly conserved and limits organ size by phosphorylating and inhibiting the transcription co-activators YAP and TAZ in mammals and Yki in Drosophila, key regulators of proliferation and apoptosis. The Hippo pathway also has a critical role in the self-renewal and expansion of stem cells and tissue-specific progenitor cells, and has important functions in tissue regeneration. Emerging evidence shows that the Hippo pathway is regulated by cell polarity, cell adhesion and cell junction proteins. In this review we summarize current understanding of the composition and regulation of the Hippo pathway, and discuss how cell polarity and cell adhesion proteins inform the role of this pathway in organ size control and regeneration.
精确控制器官大小在动物发育和再生过程中至关重要。在果蝇和哺乳动物中，过去十年的研究揭示了 Hippo 肿瘤抑制途径在调节器官大小方面的关键作用。该途径的失调会导致组织过度生长。Hippo 信号通路高度保守，通过在哺乳动物中磷酸化和抑制转录共激活因子 YAP 和 TAZ 以及在果蝇中抑制 Yki，限制器官大小，YAP 和 TAZ 是增殖和凋亡的关键调节因子。Hippo 途径在干细胞和组织特异性祖细胞的自我更新和扩增中也具有重要作用，并在组织再生中具有重要功能。新出现的证据表明，Hippo 途径受细胞极性、细胞黏附和细胞连接蛋白的调节。在这篇综述中，我们总结了目前对 Hippo 途径组成和调节的理解，并讨论了细胞极性和细胞黏附蛋白如何告知该途径在器官大小控制和再生中的作用。
