Hornibrook Jeremy
Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Christchurch Hospital, 2 Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand.
Int J Otolaryngol. 2011;2011:835671. doi: 10.1155/2011/835671. Epub 2011 Jul 25.
BPPV is the most common cause of vertigo. It most often occurs spontaneously in the 50 to 70 year age group. In younger individuals it is the commonest cause of vertigo following head injury. There is a wide spectrum of severity from inconsistent positional vertigo to continuous vertigo provoked by any head movement. It is likely to be a cause of falls and other morbidity in the elderly. Misdiagnosis can result in unnecessary tests. The cardinal features and a diagnostic test were clarified in 1952 by Dix and Hallpike. Subsequently, it has been established that the symptoms are attributable to detached otoconia in any of the semicircular canals. BPPV symptoms can resolve spontaneously but can last for days, weeks, months, and years. Unusual patterns of nystagmus and nonrepsonse to treatment may suggest central pathology. Diagnostic strategies and the simplest "office" treatment techniques are described. Future directions for research are discussed.
良性阵发性位置性眩晕（BPPV）是眩晕最常见的病因。它最常自发发生于50至70岁年龄组。在较年轻个体中，它是头部受伤后眩晕最常见的病因。其严重程度范围广泛，从不一致的位置性眩晕到任何头部运动都可诱发的持续性眩晕。它很可能是老年人跌倒及其他发病情况的一个原因。误诊会导致不必要的检查。1952年，迪克斯（Dix）和霍尔派克（Hallpike）阐明了其主要特征及一项诊断测试。随后，已确定症状归因于任何半规管内的耳石脱失。BPPV症状可自发缓解，但可持续数天、数周、数月乃至数年。异常的眼震模式及对治疗无反应可能提示中枢性病变。本文描述了诊断策略及最简单的“门诊”治疗技术，并讨论了未来的研究方向。
