Food Technology Program, School of Agro-Industry, Mae Fah Luang University, Muang, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand.
Food Sci Technol Int. 2011 Aug;17(4):395-402. doi: 10.1177/1082013210387817. Epub 2011 Aug 3.
Large amount of pineapple peels (by-products) is left over after processing and they are a potential source for bromelain extraction. Distilled water (DI), DI containing cysteine and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (DI-CE), sodium phosphate buffer pH 7.0 (PB) and PB containing cysteine and EDTA (PB-CE) were used as extractants for bromelain from the pineapple peels. The highest bromelain activity was obtained when it was extracted with PB-CE (867 and 1032 units for Nang Lae and Phu Lae cultv, respectively). The PB could maintain the pH of the extract (pH 5.1-5.7) when compared with others. Under sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the extract showed protein bands in the range 24-28 kDa. The protein band with a molecular weight of ∼28 kDa exposed the clear zone on blue background under the casein-substrate gel electrophoresis. The effects of the bromelain extract on the protein patterns of beef, chicken and squid muscles were also determined. Trichloroacetic acid soluble peptide content of all the treated muscles increased when the amount of bromelain extract increased. Decrease in myosin heavy chains and actin was observed in all the muscle types when bromelain extract was used. The best extractant for bromelain from pineapple peels was PB-CE. Moreover, bromelain extract could be used as a muscle food tenderizing agent in food industries.
大量菠萝皮（副产品）在加工后剩余，它们是提取菠萝蛋白酶的潜在来源。蒸馏水（DI）、含半胱氨酸和乙二胺四乙酸（EDTA）的 DI（DI-CE）、磷酸钠缓冲液 pH7.0（PB）和含半胱氨酸和 EDTA 的 PB（PB-CE）被用作从菠萝皮中提取菠萝蛋白酶的提取剂。当用 PB-CE 提取时，菠萝蛋白酶的活性最高（Nang Lae 和 Phu Lae 品种分别为 867 和 1032 单位）。与其他提取剂相比，PB 可以维持提取物的 pH 值（5.1-5.7）。在十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳中，提取物在 24-28 kDa 范围内显示出蛋白质条带。在酪蛋白底物凝胶电泳下，分子量约为 28 kDa 的蛋白质条带在蓝色背景下显示出清晰的区域。还确定了菠萝蛋白酶提取物对牛肉、鸡肉和鱿鱼肌肉蛋白质图谱的影响。随着菠萝蛋白酶提取物用量的增加，所有处理过的肌肉中的三氯乙酸可溶性肽含量增加。当使用菠萝蛋白酶提取物时，所有肌肉类型中的肌球蛋白重链和肌动蛋白减少。从菠萝皮中提取菠萝蛋白酶的最佳提取剂是 PB-CE。此外，菠萝蛋白酶提取物可用作食品工业中肌肉食品的嫩化剂。
