Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Via S. Costanza 53, 00198 Rome, Italy.
Occup Environ Med. 2012 Feb;69(2):133-9. doi: 10.1136/oem.2010.063750. Epub 2011 Aug 7.
Few studies have assessed the effects of policies aimed to reduce traffic-related air pollution. The aims of this study were to evaluate the impact, in terms of air quality and health effects, of two low-emission zones established in Rome in the period 2001-2005 and to assess the impact by socioeconomic position (SEP) of the population.
We evaluated the effects of the intervention on various stages in the full-chain model, that is, pressure (number and age distribution of cars), emissions, PM(10) and NO(2) concentrations, population exposure and years of life gained (YLG). The impact was evaluated according to a small-area indicator of SEP.
During the period 2001-2005, there was a decrease in the total number of cars (-3.8%), NO(2) and PM(10) emissions and concentrations (from 22.9 to 17.4 μg/m(3) for NO(2) and from 7.8 to 6.2 μg/m(3) for PM(10)), and in the residents' exposure. In the two low-emission zones, there was an additional decrease in air pollution concentrations (NO(2): -4.13 and -2.99 μg/m(3); PM(10): -0.70 and -0.47 μg/m(3)). As a result of the policy, 264 522 residents living along busy roads gained 3.4 days per person (921 YLG per 100,000) for NO(2) reduction. The gain was larger for people in the highest SEP group (1387 YLG per 100,000) than for residents in the lowest SEP group (340 YLG per 100,000).
The traffic policy in Rome was effective in reducing traffic-related air pollution, but most of the health gains were found in well-off residents.
很少有研究评估旨在减少交通相关空气污染的政策的效果。本研究的目的是评估 2001-2005 年期间在罗马设立的两个低排放区在空气质量和健康影响方面的效果，并评估该政策对不同社会经济地位（SEP）人群的影响。
我们评估了干预措施在整个链条模型的各个阶段的效果，即压力（汽车数量和年龄分布）、排放、PM（10）和 NO（2）浓度、人口暴露和获得的生命年（YLG）。影响根据小区域 SEP 指标进行评估。
在 2001-2005 年期间，汽车总数（-3.8%）、NO（2）和 PM（10）排放量和浓度（NO（2）从 22.9 降至 17.4μg/m（3），PM（10）从 7.8 降至 6.2μg/m（3））以及居民的暴露量均有所下降。在两个低排放区，空气污染浓度进一步下降（NO（2）：-4.13 和-2.99μg/m（3）；PM（10）：-0.70 和-0.47μg/m（3））。由于该政策，沿繁忙道路居住的 264522 名居民每人获得 3.4 天（10 万人中 921 个 YLG 用于减少 NO（2））。在最高 SEP 组（10 万人中 1387 个 YLG）的人群中，获得的收益大于在最低 SEP 组（10 万人中 340 个 YLG）的人群。
罗马的交通政策在减少交通相关空气污染方面是有效的，但大部分健康收益都出现在富裕居民身上。
