Harty Seth C, Ivanov Iliyan, Newcorn Jeffrey H, Halperin Jeffrey M
Neuropsychology Doctoral Program, Clinical Psychology, CUNY Graduate Center, New York, New York, USA.
J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2011 Aug;21(4):331-9. doi: 10.1089/cap.2010.0074. Epub 2011 Aug 8.
To examine late adolescent substance use outcomes in relation to childhood conduct disorder (CD) and psychostimulant treatment in urban youth found to have attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in childhood.
Ninety-seven adolescents, evaluated during childhood, were seen for follow-up on average 9.30 (SD = 1.65) years later along with a well-matched never-ADHD control group. Stimulant treatment history was coded: Never (n = 28), up to 1 year (n = 19), 1 to 5 years (n = 28), and greater than 5 years (n = 22). Substance use at outcome was coded dimensionally for severity (frequency × intensity) and categorically for substance use disorders (SUDs).
Individuals with ADHD+CD in childhood had significantly higher rates of SUD and substance use severity than those with childhood ADHD and controls. The ADHD and control groups did not differ significantly. Among those with childhood ADHD, there were no significant differences in SUD status or substance use severity as a function of medication history.
Within an ethnically diverse urban sample, the increased rate of substance use associated with ADHD was fully accounted for by the presence of CD. These results extend previous findings indicating little impact of psychostimulant treatment on later substance use to an ethnically diverse urban sample and to individuals who received treatment for up to 12 years.
研究城市中童年期被诊断为注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的青少年，其童年期品行障碍（CD）及精神兴奋剂治疗与青少年晚期物质使用结果之间的关系。
对97名童年期接受过评估的青少年进行随访，平均随访时间为9.30（标准差=1.65）年，同时设置一个匹配良好的从未患过ADHD的对照组。对兴奋剂治疗史进行编码：从未使用（n = 28）、使用不超过1年（n = 19）、使用1至5年（n = 28）、使用超过5年（n = 22）。对结局时的物质使用情况按严重程度（频率×强度）进行维度编码，按物质使用障碍（SUDs）进行分类编码。
童年期患有ADHD + CD的个体，其SUD发生率和物质使用严重程度显著高于童年期患有ADHD的个体及对照组。ADHD组和对照组之间无显著差异。在童年期患有ADHD的个体中，SUD状态或物质使用严重程度在药物治疗史方面无显著差异。
在一个种族多样化的城市样本中，与ADHD相关的物质使用增加率完全由CD的存在所解释。这些结果将先前关于精神兴奋剂治疗对后期物质使用影响不大的研究结果扩展到了一个种族多样化的城市样本以及接受治疗长达12年的个体。
