难山：形容词-名词短语中丰富的成分。
The difficult mountain: enriched composition in adjective-noun phrases.
机构信息
Department of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
出版信息
Psychon Bull Rev. 2011 Dec;18(6):1172-9. doi: 10.3758/s13423-011-0142-5.
When readers need to go beyond the straightforward compositional meaning of a sentence (i.e., when enriched composition is required), costly additional processing is the norm. However, this conclusion is based entirely on research that has looked at enriched composition between two phrases or within the verb phrase (e.g., the verb and its complement in . . . started the book . . .) where there is a discrepancy between the semantic expectations of the verb and the semantics of the noun. We carried out an eye-tracking experiment investigating enriched composition within a single noun phrase, as in the difficult mountain. As compared with adjective-noun phrases that allow a straightforward compositional interpretation (the difficult exercise), the coerced phrases were more difficult to process. These results indicate that coercion effects can be found in the absence of a typing violation and within a single noun phrase.
当读者需要超越句子的直接构成意义（即需要进行丰富的构成时），则需要进行昂贵的额外处理。然而，这一结论完全基于对丰富构成的研究，这些研究涉及两个短语之间或动词短语内部（例如，动词及其补语在... 开始了这本书... 中），其中动词的语义期望与名词的语义之间存在差异。我们进行了一项眼动实验，研究了单个名词短语内部的丰富构成，如困难的山脉。与允许直接构成解释的形容词-名词短语（困难的练习）相比，强制短语更难处理。这些结果表明，强制效应可以在没有类型违规的情况下，并且在单个名词短语中找到。
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