Agrawala Paban K, Adhikari J S, Chaudhury N K
Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi - 110 054, India.
J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2010 Jul;2(3):197-201. doi: 10.4103/0975-7406.68501.
Exposure to ionizing radiations, whether medical, occupational or accidental, leads to deleterious biological consequences like mortality or carcinogenesis. It is considered that no dose of ionizing radiation exposure is safe. However, once the accurate absorbed dose is estimated, one can be given appropriate medical care and the severe consequences can be minimized. Though several accurate physical dose estimation modalities exist, it is essential to estimate the absorbed dose in biological system taking into account the individual variation in radiation response, so as to plan suitable medical care. Over the last several decades, lots of efforts have been taken to design a rapid and easy biological dosimeter requiring minimum invasive procedures. The metaphase chromosomal aberration assay in human lymphocytes, though is labor intensive and requires skilled individuals, still remains the gold standard for radiation biodosimetry. The current review aims at discussing the human lymphocyte metaphase chromosomal aberration assay and recent developments involving the application of molecular cytogenetic approaches and other technological advancements to make the assay more authentic and simple to use even in the events of mass radiation casualties.
暴露于电离辐射下，无论是医疗、职业还是意外暴露，都会导致诸如死亡或致癌等有害的生物学后果。人们认为，任何剂量的电离辐射暴露都不安全。然而，一旦估算出准确的吸收剂量，就可以给予适当的医疗护理，并将严重后果降至最低。尽管存在几种准确的物理剂量估算方法，但考虑到个体对辐射反应的差异，在生物系统中估算吸收剂量以规划合适的医疗护理至关重要。在过去几十年里，人们付出了很多努力来设计一种快速、简便且侵入性最小的生物剂量计。人类淋巴细胞中期染色体畸变分析虽然劳动强度大且需要技术熟练的人员，但仍然是辐射生物剂量测定的金标准。本综述旨在讨论人类淋巴细胞中期染色体畸变分析以及近期的进展，这些进展涉及分子细胞遗传学方法的应用和其他技术进步，以使该分析在大规模辐射伤亡事件中更可靠且易于使用。
