Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil.
Rev Saude Publica. 2011 Oct;45(5):878-86. doi: 10.1590/s0034-89102011005000052. Epub 2011 Aug 5.
To estimate the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and to analyze associated factors as well as peak expiratory flow measurements in schoolchildren.
This is a descriptive cross-sectional study with schoolchildren aged 10-14 from the city of Monte Aprazível (Southeastern Brazil). Questionnaires containing the asthma and rhinitis components of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood were administered. The questionnaires also approached sociodemographic characteristics, predisposing factors, and family and personal medical history. Repeated measures of peak expiratory flow in the children, and of black carbon and particulate matter (PM2,5) concentration levels were carried out.
The prevalence of asthma and rhinitis symptoms was 11% and 33.2%, respectively. Among asthmatic children, 10.6% presented four or more wheezing attacks in the past 12 months. Past family history of bronchitis and rhinitis was associated with presence of asthma (p=0.002 and p <0.001) and rhinitis (p <0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). Regarding rhinitis, there was association with presence of mold or cracks on the house (p=0.009). Rhinitis was most frequent from June to October, a period that matches the sugarcane harvest season. Daily prevalence of peak expiratory flow below 20% of the median of each child's measurements was higher in days with greater PM2,5 concentration.
The prevalence of asthma symptoms is below and that of rhinitis is above the national average. Although within acceptable levels, pollution in the cane trash burn season may contribute to the exacerbation of asthma and rhinitis episodes.
评估学龄儿童呼吸症状的流行情况，并分析相关因素以及呼气峰值流量测量值。
这是一项描述性的横断面研究，对象为来自巴西东南部蒙特阿普拉齐尔市（Monte Aprazível）的 10-14 岁在校儿童。调查采用儿童哮喘和过敏国际研究（International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood）的哮喘和鼻炎部分的问卷进行。问卷还涉及社会人口统计学特征、诱发因素以及家庭和个人病史。对儿童的呼气峰值流量以及黑碳和细颗粒物（PM2.5）浓度水平进行了重复测量。
哮喘和鼻炎症状的患病率分别为 11%和 33.2%。在哮喘儿童中，10.6%在过去 12 个月中出现过 4 次或更多次喘息发作。过去有支气管炎和鼻炎家族史与哮喘（p=0.002 和 p<0.001）和鼻炎（p<0.001 和 p<0.001）的存在相关。关于鼻炎，与房屋有霉菌或裂缝（p=0.009）有关。鼻炎最常发生在 6 月至 10 月，这一时期与甘蔗收获季节相吻合。在 PM2.5 浓度较高的日子里，每日呼气峰值流量低于每个儿童测量中位数的 20%的流行率更高。
哮喘症状的患病率低于全国平均水平，而鼻炎的患病率高于全国平均水平。尽管处于可接受的水平，但甘蔗渣燃烧季节的污染可能会导致哮喘和鼻炎发作加重。
